-LĮ́

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *lənʸ (to flow), possibly from Pre-Proto-Athabaskan *ɬ-hənʸ. The original *-ł- classifier fused with the following segment and, due to a subsequent sonorization, has been reinterpreted as the initial consonant of the stem.

This root occurs almost exclusively in the neuter perfective mode, although the repetitive stem -lį́į́h (< -d- + -łį́į́h) is apparently attested in the toponym Tó Nehelį́į́h (literally where water customarily flows one time after another to a stopping point), derived from the usitative form of neheezlį́ (Young & Morgan, 1991).

Root

-LĮ́

  1. to flow
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø / d motion S flows
  • adahiilį́ (Ø-PERF)
  • bidiilį́
ahidiilį́ / ahidiidlį́
hadadiilį́
ałtsʼánílį́
binázlį́
naanázlį́
  • ndaazlį́
  • ńdaosdlį́
  • neheezlį́ (SER)
S makes O flow
  • ...
  • ayííłį́ (yi-PERF)
  • hayííłį́
  • yiníłį́ (ni-PERF)
  • chʼíiníłį́
  • ahinéíníłį́
  • niiníłį́
  • binéísłį́ (si-PERF)
  • ...

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
NEUT - -lį́ - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

water flows:

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -LĮ́ (flow)

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