-GIZH

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɢəž (“to act with a stick, to be forked”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna delggez (“it is forked”), gges (“skewer”).

Found in Navajo in a number of disparate themes related to cutting, to forked or gapped shape, to seeping/spreading, and to acting with a stick or gestures.

Also found in a base related to flashing, probably a corruption of the root -GĘZH, of similar meaning (see -KĘ́Ę́Z/-KÉÉZ for a similar situation).

Root

-GIZH

     1. to cut, to incise; to be forked, to have a gap

    Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
    O + ł motion

    S cuts O

    • yiłgéésh (Ø-MOM)
    • iiłgéésh
    • yidiłgéésh
    • haiłgéésh
    • haidiiłgéésh
    • niyiiłgéésh (nihi-, “to pieces”)
    • neiłgizh (CONT)
    ↳ naʼałgizh
    • yoołgish (PROG)
    O + Ø successive

    S cuts O

    • yiidigéésh (bidi-, reduction)
    • yiyiigéésh (hi-, seriative)
    • táidigéésh
    • yigizh (CONCL)
    • yiyiigish (SEM)
    ↳ iigish
    ↳ ádiigish (+d)
    • ahánígéésh (ahá-, “in half”)
    ł adjectival

    S is forked, gapped, has a pass

    • deeshgizh (NEUT)
    • hałgizh
    • ńdeeshgiizh
    • nihodeeshgiizh
    Ø

    S breaks, gaps out (a dam)

    • digéésh

    S breaks O

    • yidiłgéésh

     2. to soak, to seep, to spread

    Theme Category Bases Unspecified (+ʼa)
    si + d

    S soaks, seeps

    • shigéésh (MOM)
    • biníshígéésh
    • hashoogizh
    si + Ø

    S spreads

    • shidigéésh (MOM)
    • shoogish (PROG)

     3. to act with a stick or gestures

    Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
    O + Ø successive

    S stirs O

    • taneigizh (CONT)
    ʼa + Ø successive

    S makes signals to P

    • nayéʼégizh (CONT)
    • yíʼdígish (SEM)

     4. to flash

    Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
    dzi + l

    S flashes

    Stem set
    Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
    MOM -géésh -gizh -gish -gish -géésh
    MOM -gíísh -gizh -gish -gish -gíísh
    CONT -gizh -gizh -gish -gish -gizh
    REV -gish -gizh -gish -gish -gish
    SEM -gish -gish -gish -gish -gish
    NEUT -gizh -gizh - - -
    NEUT - -giizh - - -

    See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

    Synonyms

    to cut:

    • -CHʼIIZH
    • -KʼEEʼ
    • -TʼĄ́Ą́Z
    • -TSIH
    • -ZHÉÉʼ

    action of water:

    Derived terms

    Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (cut)

    Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (soak)

    Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (act with stick)

    Navajo terms belonging to the root -GIZH (flash)

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