-GHAAZH

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʷa̓ž ~ *ɣ̇ʊš (“to make a bubbling noise”).

Occurs in Navajo in bases of disparate meanings related to “bubbling”, “shouting” and “sleeping”, probably originating in distinct roots that merged in shape.

These meanings are found in parts in other Athabaskan languages too:

  • in Ahtna tnelghots (“it is boiling”), telghaas (“fish started swimming (bubbling?)”), delghos (“they are shouting”);
  • in Koyukon nilɣos (“melted”), dəlɣʊs (“they are making noise”);
  • in Chipewyan nɛ́sɣáz (“my face swole up”), níłxáz (“I boiled it”), dɛlɣus (“it barks”), ɛ’ɛłxus (“he snored”);
  • in Mattole ’iłgwóxw (“you snore, are sound asleep”).

Root

-GHAAZH

  1. to bubble, to boil

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
ni + l

S bubbles, boils

  • hanilgháásh (MOM)

S boils O, S spurts (unspec obj)

  • hainiłháásh (MOM)
↳ hadaʼniłháásh
  • naʼniłháásh
  • iiniiłgháásh
  • hadaʼniłhosh (DUR)

  2. to shout

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
(di) + l

S shouts

  • hadilgháásh (MOM)
  • dilwosh (REP)
  • naalghaash (CONT)

  3. to sleep

Theme Category Bases Reflexive / Reversionary (+ d)
a + ł

S sleeps, puts P to sleep

 
  • yiʼiiłháásh
  • ńdíʼníiłháásh
  • —
  • ałhosh (REP)
  • naʼashhaazh (CONT)

S sleeps

  • náʼiilgháásh (rev.)
áhodiilgháásh (refl.)
  • ádiʼiilgháásh (refl.)
  • —
  • adiniilgháásh (?)
  • áhodiilwosh (refl.)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -gháásh -ghaazh -wosh -wosh -gháásh
REP -wosh -ghaazh -wosh -wosh -gháázh
CONT -ghaash -ghaazh -ghash -ghash -ghaash

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to bubble:

to boil:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GHAAZH (bubble)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GHAAZH (shout)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -GHAAZH (sleep)

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