مرخ
Arabic
Etymology
From the root م ر خ (m-r-ḵ). Apparently all the words in this root are related to the plant name, also existing in Akkadian 𒎌 (MEŠ /miḫru/, “a fir tree”, “possibly Juniperus excelsa”), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎃𐎗 (mḫr, “a conifer”, only retained in a place-name), Persian مرخ (marx), Armenian / Middle Armenian մարխ (marx), մախր (maxr), and potentially the plant name is from Hurrian [script needed] (māḫri, “juniper”). Compare also Egyptian mrḥt (“anointing oil; castor oil”), from which Egyptian mrḥ (“to anoint”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מְרַח (mraḥ, “to smooth, to finish”), Hebrew מָרַח (māraḥ, “to smear, to rub on, to spread”), Akkadian 𒈠𒊏𒆪 (/marāqu/, “to grind into a powder or crush into a paste; to rub on”), Shehri míreḵ (“to smear”), Arabic مَرَعَ (maraʿa, “to anoint; to currycomb; to abound in herbage”), Aramaic מָרַק (māraq, “to scour, to polish, to rub off”), Hebrew מָרַק (māraq, “to scour, to polish”), Mehri amárqəḥ (“to clear, to wipe”). For another example where a root is from a plant name regard رِمْث (rimṯ) but in this case there may be a contamination of the plant name with a genuine root related to anointing.
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
مَرْخ marḵ | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مَارِخ māriḵ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَمْرُوخ mamrūḵ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | مَرَخْتُ maraḵtu |
مَرَخْتَ maraḵta |
مَرَخَ maraḵa |
مَرَخْتُمَا maraḵtumā |
مَرَخَا maraḵā |
مَرَخْنَا maraḵnā |
مَرَخْتُمْ maraḵtum |
مَرَخُوا maraḵū | |||
f | مَرَخْتِ maraḵti |
مَرَخَتْ maraḵat |
مَرَخَتَا maraḵatā |
مَرَخْتُنَّ maraḵtunna |
مَرَخْنَ maraḵna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أَمْرَخُ ʾamraḵu |
تَمْرَخُ tamraḵu |
يَمْرَخُ yamraḵu |
تَمْرَخَانِ tamraḵāni |
يَمْرَخَانِ yamraḵāni |
نَمْرَخُ namraḵu |
تَمْرَخُونَ tamraḵūna |
يَمْرَخُونَ yamraḵūna | |||
f | تَمْرَخِينَ tamraḵīna |
تَمْرَخُ tamraḵu |
تَمْرَخَانِ tamraḵāni |
تَمْرَخْنَ tamraḵna |
يَمْرَخْنَ yamraḵna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَمْرَخَ ʾamraḵa |
تَمْرَخَ tamraḵa |
يَمْرَخَ yamraḵa |
تَمْرَخَا tamraḵā |
يَمْرَخَا yamraḵā |
نَمْرَخَ namraḵa |
تَمْرَخُوا tamraḵū |
يَمْرَخُوا yamraḵū | |||
f | تَمْرَخِي tamraḵī |
تَمْرَخَ tamraḵa |
تَمْرَخَا tamraḵā |
تَمْرَخْنَ tamraḵna |
يَمْرَخْنَ yamraḵna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَمْرَخْ ʾamraḵ |
تَمْرَخْ tamraḵ |
يَمْرَخْ yamraḵ |
تَمْرَخَا tamraḵā |
يَمْرَخَا yamraḵā |
نَمْرَخْ namraḵ |
تَمْرَخُوا tamraḵū |
يَمْرَخُوا yamraḵū | |||
f | تَمْرَخِي tamraḵī |
تَمْرَخْ tamraḵ |
تَمْرَخَا tamraḵā |
تَمْرَخْنَ tamraḵna |
يَمْرَخْنَ yamraḵna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِمْرَخْ imraḵ |
اِمْرَخَا imraḵā |
اِمْرَخُوا imraḵū |
||||||||
f | اِمْرَخِي imraḵī |
اِمْرَخْنَ imraḵna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | مُرِخْتُ muriḵtu |
مُرِخْتَ muriḵta |
مُرِخَ muriḵa |
مُرِخْتُمَا muriḵtumā |
مُرِخَا muriḵā |
مُرِخْنَا muriḵnā |
مُرِخْتُمْ muriḵtum |
مُرِخُوا muriḵū | |||
f | مُرِخْتِ muriḵti |
مُرِخَتْ muriḵat |
مُرِخَتَا muriḵatā |
مُرِخْتُنَّ muriḵtunna |
مُرِخْنَ muriḵna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُمْرَخُ ʾumraḵu |
تُمْرَخُ tumraḵu |
يُمْرَخُ yumraḵu |
تُمْرَخَانِ tumraḵāni |
يُمْرَخَانِ yumraḵāni |
نُمْرَخُ numraḵu |
تُمْرَخُونَ tumraḵūna |
يُمْرَخُونَ yumraḵūna | |||
f | تُمْرَخِينَ tumraḵīna |
تُمْرَخُ tumraḵu |
تُمْرَخَانِ tumraḵāni |
تُمْرَخْنَ tumraḵna |
يُمْرَخْنَ yumraḵna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُمْرَخَ ʾumraḵa |
تُمْرَخَ tumraḵa |
يُمْرَخَ yumraḵa |
تُمْرَخَا tumraḵā |
يُمْرَخَا yumraḵā |
نُمْرَخَ numraḵa |
تُمْرَخُوا tumraḵū |
يُمْرَخُوا yumraḵū | |||
f | تُمْرَخِي tumraḵī |
تُمْرَخَ tumraḵa |
تُمْرَخَا tumraḵā |
تُمْرَخْنَ tumraḵna |
يُمْرَخْنَ yumraḵna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُمْرَخْ ʾumraḵ |
تُمْرَخْ tumraḵ |
يُمْرَخْ yumraḵ |
تُمْرَخَا tumraḵā |
يُمْرَخَا yumraḵā |
نُمْرَخْ numraḵ |
تُمْرَخُوا tumraḵū |
يُمْرَخُوا yumraḵū | |||
f | تُمْرَخِي tumraḵī |
تُمْرَخْ tumraḵ |
تُمْرَخَا tumraḵā |
تُمْرَخْنَ tumraḵna |
يُمْرَخْنَ yumraḵna |
Verb
مَرَّخَ • (marraḵa) II, non-past يُمَرِّخُ (yumarriḵu)
- synonym of مَرَخَ (maraḵa)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَمْرِيخ tamrīḵ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُمَرِّخ mumarriḵ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُمَرَّخ mumarraḵ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | مَرَّخْتُ marraḵtu |
مَرَّخْتَ marraḵta |
مَرَّخَ marraḵa |
مَرَّخْتُمَا marraḵtumā |
مَرَّخَا marraḵā |
مَرَّخْنَا marraḵnā |
مَرَّخْتُمْ marraḵtum |
مَرَّخُوا marraḵū | |||
f | مَرَّخْتِ marraḵti |
مَرَّخَتْ marraḵat |
مَرَّخَتَا marraḵatā |
مَرَّخْتُنَّ marraḵtunna |
مَرَّخْنَ marraḵna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُمَرِّخُ ʾumarriḵu |
تُمَرِّخُ tumarriḵu |
يُمَرِّخُ yumarriḵu |
تُمَرِّخَانِ tumarriḵāni |
يُمَرِّخَانِ yumarriḵāni |
نُمَرِّخُ numarriḵu |
تُمَرِّخُونَ tumarriḵūna |
يُمَرِّخُونَ yumarriḵūna | |||
f | تُمَرِّخِينَ tumarriḵīna |
تُمَرِّخُ tumarriḵu |
تُمَرِّخَانِ tumarriḵāni |
تُمَرِّخْنَ tumarriḵna |
يُمَرِّخْنَ yumarriḵna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُمَرِّخَ ʾumarriḵa |
تُمَرِّخَ tumarriḵa |
يُمَرِّخَ yumarriḵa |
تُمَرِّخَا tumarriḵā |
يُمَرِّخَا yumarriḵā |
نُمَرِّخَ numarriḵa |
تُمَرِّخُوا tumarriḵū |
يُمَرِّخُوا yumarriḵū | |||
f | تُمَرِّخِي tumarriḵī |
تُمَرِّخَ tumarriḵa |
تُمَرِّخَا tumarriḵā |
تُمَرِّخْنَ tumarriḵna |
يُمَرِّخْنَ yumarriḵna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُمَرِّخْ ʾumarriḵ |
تُمَرِّخْ tumarriḵ |
يُمَرِّخْ yumarriḵ |
تُمَرِّخَا tumarriḵā |
يُمَرِّخَا yumarriḵā |
نُمَرِّخْ numarriḵ |
تُمَرِّخُوا tumarriḵū |
يُمَرِّخُوا yumarriḵū | |||
f | تُمَرِّخِي tumarriḵī |
تُمَرِّخْ tumarriḵ |
تُمَرِّخَا tumarriḵā |
تُمَرِّخْنَ tumarriḵna |
يُمَرِّخْنَ yumarriḵna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | مَرِّخْ marriḵ |
مَرِّخَا marriḵā |
مَرِّخُوا marriḵū |
||||||||
f | مَرِّخِي marriḵī |
مَرِّخْنَ marriḵna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | مُرِّخْتُ murriḵtu |
مُرِّخْتَ murriḵta |
مُرِّخَ murriḵa |
مُرِّخْتُمَا murriḵtumā |
مُرِّخَا murriḵā |
مُرِّخْنَا murriḵnā |
مُرِّخْتُمْ murriḵtum |
مُرِّخُوا murriḵū | |||
f | مُرِّخْتِ murriḵti |
مُرِّخَتْ murriḵat |
مُرِّخَتَا murriḵatā |
مُرِّخْتُنَّ murriḵtunna |
مُرِّخْنَ murriḵna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُمَرَّخُ ʾumarraḵu |
تُمَرَّخُ tumarraḵu |
يُمَرَّخُ yumarraḵu |
تُمَرَّخَانِ tumarraḵāni |
يُمَرَّخَانِ yumarraḵāni |
نُمَرَّخُ numarraḵu |
تُمَرَّخُونَ tumarraḵūna |
يُمَرَّخُونَ yumarraḵūna | |||
f | تُمَرَّخِينَ tumarraḵīna |
تُمَرَّخُ tumarraḵu |
تُمَرَّخَانِ tumarraḵāni |
تُمَرَّخْنَ tumarraḵna |
يُمَرَّخْنَ yumarraḵna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُمَرَّخَ ʾumarraḵa |
تُمَرَّخَ tumarraḵa |
يُمَرَّخَ yumarraḵa |
تُمَرَّخَا tumarraḵā |
يُمَرَّخَا yumarraḵā |
نُمَرَّخَ numarraḵa |
تُمَرَّخُوا tumarraḵū |
يُمَرَّخُوا yumarraḵū | |||
f | تُمَرَّخِي tumarraḵī |
تُمَرَّخَ tumarraḵa |
تُمَرَّخَا tumarraḵā |
تُمَرَّخْنَ tumarraḵna |
يُمَرَّخْنَ yumarraḵna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُمَرَّخْ ʾumarraḵ |
تُمَرَّخْ tumarraḵ |
يُمَرَّخْ yumarraḵ |
تُمَرَّخَا tumarraḵā |
يُمَرَّخَا yumarraḵā |
نُمَرَّخْ numarraḵ |
تُمَرَّخُوا tumarraḵū |
يُمَرَّخُوا yumarraḵū | |||
f | تُمَرَّخِي tumarraḵī |
تُمَرَّخْ tumarraḵ |
تُمَرَّخَا tumarraḵā |
تُمَرَّخْنَ tumarraḵna |
يُمَرَّخْنَ yumarraḵna |
Noun
مَرْخ • (marḵ) m
- verbal noun of مَرَخَ (maraḵa) (form I)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَرْخ marḵ |
الْمَرْخ al-marḵ |
مَرْخ marḵ |
Nominative | مَرْخٌ marḵun |
الْمَرْخُ al-marḵu |
مَرْخُ marḵu |
Accusative | مَرْخًا marḵan |
الْمَرْخَ al-marḵa |
مَرْخَ marḵa |
Genitive | مَرْخٍ marḵin |
الْمَرْخِ al-marḵi |
مَرْخِ marḵi |
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَرْخ marḵ |
الْمَرْخ al-marḵ |
مَرْخ marḵ |
Nominative | مَرْخٌ marḵun |
الْمَرْخُ al-marḵu |
مَرْخُ marḵu |
Accusative | مَرْخًا marḵan |
الْمَرْخَ al-marḵa |
مَرْخَ marḵa |
Genitive | مَرْخٍ marḵin |
الْمَرْخِ al-marḵi |
مَرْخِ marḵi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَرْخَة marḵa |
الْمَرْخَة al-marḵa |
مَرْخَة marḵat |
Nominative | مَرْخَةٌ marḵatun |
الْمَرْخَةُ al-marḵatu |
مَرْخَةُ marḵatu |
Accusative | مَرْخَةً marḵatan |
الْمَرْخَةَ al-marḵata |
مَرْخَةَ marḵata |
Genitive | مَرْخَةٍ marḵatin |
الْمَرْخَةِ al-marḵati |
مَرْخَةِ marḵati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | مَرْخَتَيْن marḵatayn |
الْمَرْخَتَيْن al-marḵatayn |
مَرْخَتَيْ marḵatay |
Nominative | مَرْخَتَانِ marḵatāni |
الْمَرْخَتَانِ al-marḵatāni |
مَرْخَتَا marḵatā |
Accusative | مَرْخَتَيْنِ marḵatayni |
الْمَرْخَتَيْنِ al-marḵatayni |
مَرْخَتَيْ marḵatay |
Genitive | مَرْخَتَيْنِ marḵatayni |
الْمَرْخَتَيْنِ al-marḵatayni |
مَرْخَتَيْ marḵatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | مَرْخَات marḵāt |
الْمَرْخَات al-marḵāt |
مَرْخَات marḵāt |
Nominative | مَرْخَاتٌ marḵātun |
الْمَرْخَاتُ al-marḵātu |
مَرْخَاتُ marḵātu |
Accusative | مَرْخَاتٍ marḵātin |
الْمَرْخَاتِ al-marḵāti |
مَرْخَاتِ marḵāti |
Genitive | مَرْخَاتٍ marḵātin |
الْمَرْخَاتِ al-marḵāti |
مَرْخَاتِ marḵāti |
Descendants
- Najdi Arabic: مرخ (marḵ, “Leptadenia pyrotechnica”)
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | مَرِخ mariḵ |
الْمَرِخ al-mariḵ |
مَرِخَة mariḵa |
الْمَرِخَة al-mariḵa |
Nominative | مَرِخٌ mariḵun |
الْمَرِخُ al-mariḵu |
مَرِخَةٌ mariḵatun |
الْمَرِخَةُ al-mariḵatu |
Accusative | مَرِخًا mariḵan |
الْمَرِخَ al-mariḵa |
مَرِخَةً mariḵatan |
الْمَرِخَةَ al-mariḵata |
Genitive | مَرِخٍ mariḵin |
الْمَرِخِ al-mariḵi |
مَرِخَةٍ mariḵatin |
الْمَرِخَةِ al-mariḵati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | مَرِخَيْن mariḵayn |
الْمَرِخَيْن al-mariḵayn |
مَرِخَتَيْن mariḵatayn |
الْمَرِخَتَيْن al-mariḵatayn |
Nominative | مَرِخَانِ mariḵāni |
الْمَرِخَانِ al-mariḵāni |
مَرِخَتَانِ mariḵatāni |
الْمَرِخَتَانِ al-mariḵatāni |
Accusative | مَرِخَيْنِ mariḵayni |
الْمَرِخَيْنِ al-mariḵayni |
مَرِخَتَيْنِ mariḵatayni |
الْمَرِخَتَيْنِ al-mariḵatayni |
Genitive | مَرِخَيْنِ mariḵayni |
الْمَرِخَيْنِ al-mariḵayni |
مَرِخَتَيْنِ mariḵatayni |
الْمَرِخَتَيْنِ al-mariḵatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | مَرِخِين mariḵīn |
الْمَرِخِين al-mariḵīn |
مَرِخَات mariḵāt |
الْمَرِخَات al-mariḵāt |
Nominative | مَرِخُونَ mariḵūna |
الْمَرِخُونَ al-mariḵūna |
مَرِخَاتٌ mariḵātun |
الْمَرِخَاتُ al-mariḵātu |
Accusative | مَرِخِينَ mariḵīna |
الْمَرِخِينَ al-mariḵīna |
مَرِخَاتٍ mariḵātin |
الْمَرِخَاتِ al-mariḵāti |
Genitive | مَرِخِينَ mariḵīna |
الْمَرِخِينَ al-mariḵīna |
مَرِخَاتٍ mariḵātin |
الْمَرِخَاتِ al-mariḵāti |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “مرخ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 167
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “مرخ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2705
- Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 95, 104, 114–115, 238, 242–243
- Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004), “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis, volume 22, issue 1, Barcelona, pages 115–116
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “مرخ”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1998
Najdi Arabic
Derived terms
- مريخة (“murayḵa”, diminutive)
- مريخي (“mrēḵī”, Cornulaca arabica after the seeds have fallen)
Persian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mæɾx/
Noun
مرخ • (marx)
- a particular tree
- the lower one of the two pieces of wood from which fire is struck by rubbing, the upper being called عفار (ʻafār), and both taking their names from the tree from which they are respectively cut
Descendants
- → Middle Armenian: մարխ (marx)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “مرخ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “مرخ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press