ցամաք

From Old Armenian ցամաք (cʿamakʿ).

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• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [t͡sʰɑˈmɑkʰ]

ցամաք • (cʿamakʿ) (superlative ամենացամաք)

1. dry
2. (figuratively) lifeless

ցամաք • (cʿamakʿ)

1. earth, dry land (as opposed to water)

   ցամաքով գնալ ― cʿamakʿov gnal ― to go by land

• ցամաքային (cʿamakʿayin)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “ցամաք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 448

According to Martirosyan, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) via Pre-Armenian *dʰǵʰm̥m-eh₂-k-eh₂-.[1] He does not accept the proposals which link the word with Sanskrit क्षाम (kṣāmá, “scorched, singed”), because they usually reconstruct initial Proto-Indo-European *ks-, which in Armenian probably yields չ- (čʿ-) (compare չոր (čʿor)).

Ačaṙyan rejects the Indo-European origin of the word altogether and considers ցամաք (cʿamakʿ) a Semitic borrowing, comparing Hebrew צמק‎ (ṣmq, “to dry, shrivel”), Arabic صامق‎ (ṣāmiq, “thirsty; hungry”).[2] The Hebrew was first linked by Margoliouth.[3] Compare also Aramaic [script needed] (ṣmq, “to be dried up”).[4] See also Middle Armenian սմքել (smkʿel, “to shrivel”).

ցամաք • (cʿamakʿ)

1. dry, arid

   ցամաք կղզի ― cʿamakʿ kłzi ― peninsula

   ցամաք երկիր ― cʿamakʿ erkir ― dry land

   հաց ցամաք ― hacʿ cʿamakʿ ― dry bread

   ցամաք փայտ ― cʿamakʿ pʿayt ― dry wood

   ցամաք աչօք ― cʿamakʿ ačʿōkʿ ― with tearless or dry eyes

ցամաք • (cʿamakʿ)

1. dryness

   զցամաք ծարաւոյն շիջուցանել ― zcʿamakʿ carawoyn šiǰucʿanel ― to quench or allay thirst

2. earth, dry land (as opposed to water)

   յածիլ ընդ ծով եւ ընդ ցամաք ― yacil ənd cov ew ənd cʿamakʿ ― to scour sea and land

   անցանել ընդ ցամաք ― ancʿanel ənd cʿamakʿ ― to pass dry-footed, dry-shod

   ելանել/իջանել ի ցամաք ― elanel/iǰanel i cʿamakʿ ― to land, to go ashore or on shore

   հասանել ի ցամաք ― hasanel i cʿamakʿ ― to reach the shore

   ցամաք երթալ, անցանել ― cʿamakʿ ertʿal, ancʿanel ― to travel by land

• Armenian: ցամաք (cʿamakʿ)

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ցամաք”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ցամաք”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 499
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), “k̂sā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 624
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 71
• J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “ցամաք”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 741ab