ճարմանդ

Armenian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ճարմանդ (čarmand).

Pronunciation

Noun

ճարմանդ (čarmand)

  1. buckle, clasp
  2. cufflink
    Synonym: թեւքաճարմանդ (tʿewkʿačarmand)

Declension

Derived terms

  • ճարմանդել (čarmandel)
  • ճարմանդավոր (čarmandavor)
  • ճարմանդապատ (čarmandapat)
  • թեւքաճարմանդ (tʿewkʿačarmand)

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

  • ճարամանդ (čaramand)

Etymology

Usually considered a word of unknown origin, for which an Iranian origin is to be sought.[1][2][3]

According to Olsen, perhaps from an Iranian reflex of Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (to turn) (compare Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 (carānī, I move, approach)).[4] This is unlikely, because no known Iranian reflex of that root has a form or meaning that fits ճարմանդ (čarmand).

Probably borrowed from an Iranian compound going back to Proto-Iranian *čárma (skin, hide, leather) and *bandah (tie; bond). Compare from the first root especially Persian چرمک (čarmak), Tajik чармак (čarmak), Yagnobi čarmák, Shughni чармак (čarmak), Wakhi čərmə́k, all referring to a loop that holds the spindle in the spinning wheel and that is often made of leather[5][6]. For the second part see բանտ (bant). The compound is attested in Sanskrit चर्मबन्ध (carma-bandha, a leather band or strap).

Noun

ճարմանդ (čarmand)

  1. loop, hook, curtain ring
    • 5th century, Bible, Exodus 36.12:
      Յիսուն ճարմանդ արար միոյ փեղկի, եւ յիսուն ճարմանդ արար ի կողմանէ փեղկին ըստ երկրորդի խառնուածոյն, առ ի խառնելոյ իւրաքանչիւր ճարմանդացն ընդ միմեանս։
      Yisun čarmand arar mioy pʿełki, ew yisun čarmand arar i kołmanē pʿełkin əst erkrordi xaṙnuacoyn, aṙ i xaṙneloy iwrakʿančʿiwr čarmandacʿn ənd mimeans.
      Fifty loops made he in one curtain, and fifty loops made he in the edge of the curtain which [was] in the coupling of the second: the loops held one [curtain] to another.

Usage notes

Attested only in the Old Testament, where it translates Ancient Greek ἀγκύλη (ankúlē).

Declension

Descendants

References

  1. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), ճարմանդ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 192ab
  2. J̌ahukyan (Džaukjan), Geworg (1967) Očerki po istorii dopisʹmennovo perioda armjanskovo jazyka [An Outline of the History of the Pre-Literary Period of the Armenian Language] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 206, footnote 141
  3. J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), ճարմանդ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 490b
  4. Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 893
  5. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “čarman-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 231—232
  6. Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 136—137

Further reading

  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), ճարմանդ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), ճարմանդ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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