List of United States Navy enlisted rates

On September 29, 2016, the United States Navy discontinued enlisted ratings after 241 years of use in an effort to modernize the classification system. Naval sailors were thereafter to be referred to solely by their rate and would hold a Navy Operations Specialty (NOS) instead of a rating. The rating symbols depicted for each rating badge listed below (except for the rating badge of a command master chief) is boatswain's mate.[2] However, the decision was reversed and the rating system was restored in December 2016.[4]

Sailors in pay grades E-1 through E-3 are considered to be in apprenticeships.[5] They are divided into five definable groups, with colored group rate marks designating the group to which they belong: Seaman, fireman, airman, constructionman, and hospitalman. One of three apprentice devices may be worn above the rank insignia, which denotes the sailor is an apprentice in a particular field and is in search of a rating to join.[6] Sailors who have gone directly to a base, station, or ship without any specialized training are eligible to select a career field, and through correspondence courses and extensive on-the-job training, may qualify for a rating. This process is called "striking for a rating". If a sailor has qualified for a rate, but has not yet become a petty officer, he is called a designated striker, and is identified by a striker's badge that displays the sailor's rating, along with his group rate marks.[1] The serviceperson is addressed by one's group designation, if known (e.g., Fireman Jones, Constructionman Apprentice Smith); by the generic appellation "seaman"; or by one's striker designation (Boatswain's Mate Seaman Watson, Culinary Specialist Seaman Recruit Johnson).[5] Those that have completed the "A" school for hospital corpsman wear their caduceus above their stripes and substitute the word "Hospitalman" for "Seaman" in their rating titles.

In the September 2016 rating change, it was announced that only the "seaman" group would remain as the rate title for E1–E3, with the others being retired.[7] However, the Navy reversed this new policy three months later and reinstated the traditional rating system.[8]

Sleeve insignia (winter)	Collar device (garrison)	Cap and collar device (field)	Rate title	U.S. DoD pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
No insignia			Seaman recruit	E-1	SR / HR	OR-1
			Fireman recruit		FR
			Airman recruit		AR
			Constructionman recruit		CR
			Seaman apprentice	E-2	SA / HA	OR-2
			Fireman apprentice		FA
			Airman apprentice		AA
			Constructionman apprentice		CA
			Seaman	E-3	SN / HN	OR-3
			Fireman		FN
			Airman		AN
			Constructionman		CN

Petty officers in 2006 wearing service dress blue uniforms displaying both red and gold rating badges and service stripes.

E-4 to E-6 are non-commissioned officers (NCOs), and are specifically called petty officers in the Navy.[6] Petty officers perform not only the duties of their specific career field but also serve as leaders to junior enlisted personnel. They must take responsibility for their subordinates, address grievances, inform the chain of command on matters pertaining to good order and discipline, and may even have to place personnel on report.[9] The title petty officer comes from the French word petit, meaning something small. In medieval England, villages had several "petite" or "petty" officers who were subordinate to major officials. Thus, petty officers are assistants to senior officers.[10]

Petty officers have been an important part of the U.S. Navy since its beginning. They were originally appointed by the ship's captain and usually held such appointments while serving under the captain who selected them. The petty officers of this time did not have uniforms or a rank insignia.[10] In 1841 a rate badge was assigned, consisting of a sleeve device displaying an eagle perched on an anchor. Rating marks did not appear until 1866.[10]

From 1885 to 1894, the Navy recognized three classes of petty officers – first, second, and third. These noncommissioned officers were authorized to wear a "rate" (rank) insignia consisting of chevrons pointing down under a spread eagle and a rating mark.[10] Unlike the current rate badge, the eagle faced right instead of left.[6] The current insignia for petty officers came about in 1894, and is a perched eagle with spread wings facing left (usually referred to as a "crow," due to its black color on white uniforms and the outdated dungaree working uniforms) atop a rating mark, with chevrons denoting their rank below.[6] The Eagle faced left or right on the rating emblem depending on which sleeve the badge was worn, usually to the wearer's front. "Seafarer" rates, such as Bos'n or Gunner, are unique to service aboard a ship, and were worn on the right sleeve. The Eagle (or 'crow') on these insignia faced right, so that they would be facing forward on the wearer. Other rates, which were equivalent to shore activities, such as Administration or Medical, were worn on the left sleeve, so the Eagle on those insignia faced left, so that they would be facing forward on the wearer. In 1948, the Navy standardized all ratings to be worn on the left sleeve.

The authority to wear gold rating badges and service stripes on the dress blue and working coverall uniform is granted when a sailor completes twelve consecutive years of service. Prior to June 2019, those years had to be have been without any official record of bad conduct due to punitive action via non-judicial punishment or courts martial. During that time, the gold rating badges and service stripes were treated distinctly from the Good Conduct Medal, which was and is awarded for three consecutive years of "honorable service", defined as being free of disciplinary infractions.[11]

Coloration of the insignia for E-4 through E-9 depends upon the uniform worn. Black cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the winter uniforms, while white cloth with black embroidered stripes is used on the summer uniforms, and medium blue cloth with red or gold embroidered stripes is used on the working coverall, depending on whether or not they have less or more than 12 years of service respectively.[6]

Sleeve insignia (winter)		Sleeve insignia (summer)	Chest insignia		Cap and collar devices		Rate title	U.S. DoD pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
							Petty officer third class	E-4	PO3	OR-4
							Petty officer second class	E-5	PO2	OR-5
							Petty officer first class	E-6	PO1	OR-6

E-7 to E-9 are senior non-commissioned officers and are considered a separate community within the Navy. They have separate berthing and dining facilities (where feasible), wear separate uniforms, and perform separate duties. Advancement to chief petty officer (E-7) or above requires a board review by existing master chief petty officers beyond the normal examination score and performance evaluation process. The annual list of chief petty officer selectees is authorized by Congress.[12]

The proper form of address to a chief petty officer is "Chief", "Senior chief" (or "Senior"), or "Master chief" according to their rating.[13] In the U.S. Navy, chief petty officers are specifically tasked, in writing, with the duty of training junior officers (ensign, lieutenant (j.g.), and lieutenant).[14]

Although the title "Chief" has been around since the Continental Navy in 1776, the chief petty officer rate was not established until 1 April 1893. At that time nearly all sailors who had carried the rate of petty officer first class since 1885 were advanced to chief petty officer, with the exception of schoolmasters, ship's writers, and carpenter's mates.[12]

The rates senior chief petty officer and master chief petty officer were established on 1 June 1958. To be eligible for advancement to senior chief petty officer, a chief petty officer must have had three years in the current grade. For advancement to Master Chief, a Senior Chief must have a total of three years in the current grade.

The dress blue insignia consists of a perched eagle (or "crow") with spread wings atop a rating mark, with three chevrons and one 'rocker' above the rating mark. Inverted five-point stars above the crow denote the rank of Senior Chief (one star) or Master Chief (two stars). All other uniforms use the collar device to denote rank. It consists of a fouled anchor (an anchor that is entangled with its chain)[15] with the initials U S N in silver, superimposed, with stars above the anchor to indicate higher pay grades, similar to the dress blue insignia.[16]

Sleeve insignia		Shoulder insignia	Collar device	Chest insignia		Cap devices		Rate title	U.S. DoD pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
								Chief petty officer	E-7	CPO	OR-7
								Senior chief petty officer	E-8	SCPO	OR-8
								Master chief petty officer	E-9	MCPO	OR-9

Command master chief and command senior chief

After attaining the rate of master chief petty officer, a sailor may choose to further his or her career by becoming a command master chief petty officer (CMDCM). A CMDCM is considered to be the senior-most enlisted service member within a command, and is the special assistant to the commanding officer in all matters pertaining to the health, welfare, job satisfaction, morale, utilization, advancement and training of the command's enlisted personnel.[17][18] CMCs can be Command level (within a single unit, such as a ship or shore station), Fleet level (squadrons consisting of multiple operational units, headed by a flag officer or commodore), or Force level (consisting of a separate community within the Navy, such as Subsurface, Air, Reserves).[19]

On July 30, 2015, the Navy formally established the rating of command senior chief (CMDCS);[20][21] before then from 2005 to 2015 it had been a billet instead of a rating.[22][23]

Both command senior chief and command master chief existed as a position before being authorized as separate rates. For example, there could be a senior chief boatswain's mate acting as command senior chief or a master chief personnelman who acts as the command master chief.

The CMDCM rate insignia are similar to the insignia for master chief, except that the rating symbol is replaced by an inverted five-point star, reflecting a change in their rating from their previous rating (e.g. MMCM) to CMDCM. The stars for command master chief are silver, while stars for fleet or force master chief are gold. Additionally, CMDCMs wear a badge, worn on their left breast pocket (for males) or above the nametag (for females), denoting their title (Command/Fleet/Force).[16][18]

Sleeve insignia		Shoulder insignia	Collar device	Chest insignia		Cap devices		Badges			Rate title	U.S. DoD pay grade	Abbreviation	NATO code
											Command senior chief petty officer	E-8	CMDCS	OR-8
											Command master chief petty officer	E-9	CMDCM	OR-9
											Fleet/force master chief petty officer		FLTCM/FORCM

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) is the senior enlisted person in the Navy, appointed by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) to serve as a spokesperson to address the issues of enlisted personnel to the highest positions in the Navy. The MCPON is the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Naval Operations and Chief of Naval Personnel.[24] Exact duties vary, depending on the CNO, though the duties generally include traveling throughout the Navy, observing training and talking to sailors and their families. The MCPON serves on several boards concerned with enlisted members, represents the Department of the Navy at special events, and may be called upon to testify before Congress regarding enlisted personnel issues.[25]

The position was originally established as "Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Navy" in January 1967[25] in response to a recommendation from the Secretary of the Navy's task force on Navy personnel retention.[24] Three months later, the title was officially changed to "Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy". The individual rating specialty marks for the MCPON was replaced by an inverted star in 1971.[26]

The MCPON's current insignia is similar to that of Fleet, Force, or CMDCMs, with the addition of a third star above the crow or anchor.[16]

Sleeve insignia	Shoulder insignia	Collar device	Cap devices		Badges	Rate title	U.S. DoD pay grade	Acronym	NATO code
						Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy	E-9	MCPON	OR-9

• Badges of the United States Navy
• List of United States naval officer designators
• List of United States Coast Guard enlisted rates
• List of United States Coast Guard ratings
• List of United States Navy enlisted warfare designations
• List of United States Navy ratings
• List of United States Navy staff corps
• Military Occupational Specialty
• Uniforms of the United States Navy
• United States Navy officer rank insignia
• Service stripes

• Christ, Charlotte D. (1992). Winds of Change: The History of the Office of the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy 1967–1992. Washington, DC: Office of the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy and the Naval Historical Center. ISBN 978-0945274117. OCLC 26212472.