Hobart

Hobart (/ˈhoʊbɑːrt/ (listen)[5], Tasmanian: Nipaluna[6]) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. With a population of approximately 240,342 (over 45% of Tasmania's population), it is the least populated Australian state capital city, and second smallest if territories are taken into account (after Darwin, Northern Territory).[1] The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, making it the most southern of Australia's capital cities. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre (4,170 ft) Mount Wellington,[7] and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world,[8] with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land.[9] The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the five local government areas that cover the city.[10]

Hobart
Tasmania
Hobart city centre, 2015
Hobart
Coordinates42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E
Population240,342 (2019)[1] (11th)
 • Density131.1/km2 (340/sq mi) (2016)[2]
Established20 February 1804 (1804-02-20)[3]
Area1,695.5 km2 (654.6 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT State: Tasmania. (UTC+11)
Location
  • 38 km (24 mi) from Huonville
  • 134 km (83 mi) from Swansea
  • 198 km (123 mi) from Launceston
  • 248 km (154 mi) from Queenstown
  • 297 km (185 mi) from Burnie
State electorate(s)Clark, Franklin
Federal Division(s)Clark, Franklin
Mean max temp[4] Mean min temp[4] Annual rainfall[4]
17.0 °C
63 °F		 8.4 °C
47 °F		 613.7 mm
24.2 in

Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony,[11] Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. Prior to British settlement, the Hobart area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years,[12] by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or South-East tribe.[13] The descendants of these Aboriginal Tasmanians often refer to themselves as 'Palawa'. Since its foundation, the city has expanded from the mouth of Sullivans Cove in a generally north-south direction along both banks of the River Derwent, from 22 km inland from the estuary at Storm Bay to the point where the river reverts to fresh water at Bridgewater.[14] Penal transportation ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration.[15] Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population remains predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic, and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities.[16]

Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acting as a tourist destination, with over 1.192 million visitors in 2011–12.[17] Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, Salamanca Market and the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum.

History
John Glover's 1834 painting Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point depicts Aboriginal Tasmanians dancing in the foreground.

The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the River Derwent, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned Port Phillip settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the British secretary of state for war and the colonies.

The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe.[18] Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in his Voyage of the Beagle:

Elizabeth Street in 1910.

...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505.

The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of the Southern Ocean whaling and sealing trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.

Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.[19]

Geography

Topography
The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal)

Hobart is located on the estuary of the River Derwent in the state's south-east. Geologically Hobart is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone. Hobart extends along both sides of the River Derwent; on the western shore from the Derwent valley in the north through the flatter areas of Glenorchy which rests on older Triassic sediment and into the hilly areas of New Town, Lenah Valley. Both of these areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, in the Derwent estuary. South of the Derwent estuary lies Storm Bay and the Tasman Peninsula.

The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley area in a southerly direction hugging the Meehan Range in the east before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger deposits from the Quaternary. From there the city extends in an easterly direction through the Meehan Range into the hilly areas of Rokeby and Oakdowns, before reaching into the tidal flatland area of Lauderdale.

Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself; Sandy Bay, Cornelian Bay, Nutgrove, Kingston, Bellerive, and Howrah Beaches as well as many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as; Seven Mile, Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton, and Goats Beaches.

Hobart area from Bellerive

Climate

Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).[20] The highest temperature recorded was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 4 January 2013 and the lowest was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981.[4] Annually, Hobart receives 40.8 clear days. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with 5.9 hours per day.[21] However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on the summer solstice.[22]

Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during the winter (the city's geographic position keeps temperatures from plummeting far below zero Celsius), the adjacent kunanyi/Mount Wellington is frequently seen with a snowcap in winter. Mountain snow covering has also been known to occur during the other seasons. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 15 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to cold air masses arriving from Antarctica coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales.

Panorama of Hobart from Mount Wellington in March 2005

The average temperature of the sea ranges from 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) in September to 16.5 °C (61.7 °F) in February.[23]

Climate data for Ellerslie Road (Battery Point)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.8
(107.2)		 40.1
(104.2)		 39.1
(102.4)		 31.0
(87.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 20.6
(69.1)		 22.1
(71.8)		 24.5
(76.1)		 31.0
(87.8)		 34.6
(94.3)		 36.8
(98.2)		 40.6
(105.1)		 41.8
(107.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 33.4
(92.1)		 32.5
(90.5)		 30.0
(86.0)		 25.1
(77.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 16.8
(62.2)		 16.3
(61.3)		 18.4
(65.1)		 22.3
(72.1)		 26.2
(79.2)		 29.3
(84.7)		 31.2
(88.2)		 35.8
(96.4)
Average high °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0)		 22.1
(71.8)		 20.3
(68.5)		 17.8
(64.0)		 15.1
(59.2)		 12.4
(54.3)		 12.3
(54.1)		 13.7
(56.7)		 15.4
(59.7)		 17.3
(63.1)		 18.9
(66.0)		 20.4
(68.7)		 17.3
(63.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.4
(63.3)		 17.4
(63.3)		 15.9
(60.6)		 13.6
(56.5)		 11.4
(52.5)		 8.9
(48.0)		 8.6
(47.5)		 9.7
(49.5)		 11.2
(52.2)		 12.8
(55.0)		 14.4
(57.9)		 15.9
(60.6)		 13.1
(55.6)
Average low °C (°F) 12.6
(54.7)		 12.6
(54.7)		 11.4
(52.5)		 9.4
(48.9)		 7.6
(45.7)		 5.3
(41.5)		 4.9
(40.8)		 5.7
(42.3)		 6.9
(44.4)		 8.3
(46.9)		 9.9
(49.8)		 11.3
(52.3)		 8.8
(47.8)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)		 7.3
(45.1)		 5.8
(42.4)		 3.9
(39.0)		 2.1
(35.8)		 0.6
(33.1)		 0.4
(32.7)		 1.0
(33.8)		 1.9
(35.4)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.6
(40.3)		 6.1
(43.0)		 −0.3
(31.5)
Record low °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)		 3.4
(38.1)		 1.8
(35.2)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 0.0
(32.0)		 0.3
(32.5)		 3.3
(37.9)		 −2.8
(27.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 44.4
(1.75)		 36.3
(1.43)		 39.3
(1.55)		 43.4
(1.71)		 36.0
(1.42)		 42.9
(1.69)		 47.3
(1.86)		 60.5
(2.38)		 58.7
(2.31)		 56.1
(2.21)		 47.7
(1.88)		 56.2
(2.21)		 568.7
(22.39)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 10.1 8.6 11.0 11.4 11.5 11.9 13.8 14.1 15.5 15.1 12.6 12.1 147.7
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 51 51 54 57 60 64 62 56 54 52 53 51 55
Mean monthly sunshine hours 257.3 226.0 210.8 177.0 148.8 132.0 151.9 179.8 195.0 232.5 234.0 248.0 2,393.1
Percent possible sunshine 59 62 57 59 53 49 53 58 59 58 56 53 56
Source #1: Bureau of Meteorology (1981–2010 averages;[24] extremes 1882–present)[4][25][26]
Source #2: Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart Airport (sunshine hours)[27]
Climate data for Hobart
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)		 16.0
(61.0)		 16.0
(61.0)		 15.0
(59.0)		 14.0
(57.0)		 13.0
(55.0)		 13.0
(55.0)		 12.0
(54.0)		 12.0
(54.0)		 12.0
(54.0)		 13.0
(55.0)		 14.0
(57.0)		 13.8
(56.8)
Mean daily daylight hours 15.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 12.1
Average Ultraviolet index 11 9 6 4 2 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 5.3
Source: Weather Atlas [30]

Demographics
St David's Cathedral

At the 2016 census, there were 222,356 people in the Greater Hobart area making it the second least populated capital city in Australia.[2] The City of Hobart local government area had a population of 50,439.

The most common occupation categories were professionals (22.6%), clerical and administrative workers (14.7%), technicians and trades workers (13.3%), community and personal service workers (12.8%), and managers (11.3%). The median weekly household income was $1,234, compared with $1,438 nationally.

Ancestry and immigration
Country of Birth (2016)[31][32]
Birthplace[N 1]Population
Australia162,302
England11,616
Mainland China2,927
New Zealand2,673
Scotland1,980
India1,260
Germany1,040

At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:[N 2][31][32]

  • English (47.3%)
  • Australian (43.6%)[N 3]
  • Irish (12.6%)
  • Scottish (10.1%)
  • German (4.1%)
  • Indigenous (3.8%)[N 4]
  • Chinese (2.3%)
  • Dutch (2%)
  • Italian (1.9%)
  • Polish (1.1%)

20.2% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (3.6%), Mainland China (1.1%), New Zealand (0.9%), India (0.6%) and Germany (0.5%).[31][32]

3.8% of the population, or 8,534 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016.[N 5][31][32]

Language

At the 2016 census, 86.5% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Mandarin (1.3%) Greek (0.5%), Nepali (0.4%), German (0.4%) and Italian (0.3%).[31][32]

Religion

In the 2016 census, 52.1% of Greater Hobart residents who responded to the question specified a Christian religion. Major religious affiliations were Anglican (19.8%), Catholic (17.0%) and Uniting Church (2.5%). In addition, 39.9% specified "No Religion" and 9.3% did not answer.

Hobart has a small Mormon community of around 642 (2011), with meetinghouses in Glenorchy, Rosny, and Glen Huon.[34] There is also a synagogue where the Jewish community, of around 111 (2001), or 0.05% of the Hobart population, worships.[35] Hobart has a Bahá'í community, with a Bahá'í Centre of Learning, located within the city.[36]

In 2013, Hillsong Church established a Hillsong Connect campus in Hobart.[37]

Economy
Wrest Point Casino

Shipping is significant to the city's economy. Hobart is the home port for the Antarctic activities of Australia and France. The port loads around 2,000 tonnes of Antarctic cargo a year for the Australian research vessel Aurora Australis.[38] The city is also a popular cruise ship destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docking during the course of the 2016–17 summer season.

The city also supports many other industries. Major local employers include catamaran builder Incat, zinc refinery Nyrstar, Cascade Brewery and Cadbury's Chocolate Factory, Norske Skog and Wrest Point Casino.[39] The city also supports a host of light industry manufacturers, as well as a range of redevelopment projects, including the $689 million Royal Hobart Hospital Redevelopment – standing as the states largest ever Health Infrastructure project.[40] Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors coming to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. The two major draw-cards are the weekly market in Salamanca Place, and the Museum of Old and New Art. The city is also used as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.

The last 15–20 years has seen Hobart's wine industry thrive as many vineyards have developed in countryside areas outside of the city in the Coal River Wine Region and D'Entrecasteaux Channel, including Moorilla Estate at Berriedale one of the most awarded vineyards in Australia.

Antarctic bases

Hobart is an Antarctic gateway city, with geographical proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the port of Hobart for scientific research and cruise ships, and Hobart International Airport supports an Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at Casey Station. Hobart is a logistics point for the French icebreaker L'Astrolabe.

Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services for other visiting Antarctic nations and Antarctic cruise ships. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a specialist cluster offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organisations are members of the Tasmanian polar network, supported in part by the Tasmanian State Government.

Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the following Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific institutions:

  • Australian Antarctic Division
  • Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
  • Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP)
  • The University of Tasmania (UTAS) – expertise in Antarctic and Southern Ocean science and research[41]
  • Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) (established by UTAS)
  • Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS)
  • Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC)
  • International Antarctic Institute (IAI) (hosted by UTAS)
  • Southern Ocean Observing System (hosted by UTAS/ IMAS)
  • CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research

Tourism
Salamanca Market with the snow-capped Mount Wellington in the background.

Hobart serves as a focal point and mecca for tourism in the state of Tasmania. In 2016, Hobart received 1.8 million visitors, surpassing both Perth and Canberra, tying equally with Brisbane.[42]

The Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular recreation area a short distance from the city centre. It is the second-oldest Botanic Gardens in Australia and holds extensive significant plant collections.[43]

Hadley's Orient Hotel, on Hobart's Murray Street, is the oldest continuously operating hotel in Australia.

kunanyi/Mount Wellington, accessible by passing through Fern Tree, is the dominant feature of Hobart's skyline. Indeed, many descriptions of Hobart have used the phrase "nestled amidst the foothills", so undulating is the landscape. At 1,271 metres, the mountain has its own ecosystems, is rich in biodiversity and plays a large part in determining the local weather.

The Tasman Bridge is also a uniquely important feature of the city, connecting the two shores of Hobart and visible from many locations. The Hobart Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Australia and a rare surviving example of an Egyptian Revival synagogue.

Architecture
Former Bank of Australasia Building, heritage listed for its significance as an Inter-War commercial building

Hobart is known for its well-preserved Colonial architecture, much of it dating back to the Georgian and Victorian eras, giving the city a distinctly "Old World" feel.[44] For locals, this became a source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists.[45] Regions within the city centre, such as Salamanca Place, contain many of the city's heritage-listed buildings. Historic homes and mansions also exist in the suburbs, much of the inner-city neighbourhoods are dotted with weatherboard cottages and two-storey Victorian houses.

Kelly's Steps were built in 1839 by shipwright and adventurer James Kelly to provide a short-cut from Kelly Street and Arthur Circus in Battery Point to the warehouse and dockyards district of Salamanca Place.[46] In 1835, John Lee Archer designed and oversaw the construction of the sandstone Customs House, facing Sullivans Cove. Completed in 1840, it was used as Tasmania's parliament house, and is now commemorated by a pub bearing the same name (built in 1844) which is frequented by yachtsmen after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart yacht race.

Hobart is also home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's) was built in Bathurst Street from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. The Salamanca Place warehouses and the Theatre Royal were also constructed in this period. The Greek revival St George's Anglican Church in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and a classical tower, designed by James Blackburn, was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840. St David's Cathedral, Hobart's first cathedral, was consecrated in 1874.

Hobart has very few high rise buildings in comparison to other Australian cities. This is partly a result of height limits imposed due to Hobart's proximity to River Derwent and Mount Wellington.[47]

Colonial-era buildings along Hunter Street

Culture

Arts and entertainment
Theatre Royal, Australia's oldest continually operating theatre[48]
Completed in 1824, Cascade Brewery, like many old buildings in Hobart, was built using convict labour.
Elizabeth Street, Hobart's main shopping precinct

Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, which is resident at the Federation Concert Hall on the city's waterfront. It offers a year-round program of concerts and is thought to be one of the finest small orchestras in the world. Hobart also plays host to the University of Tasmania's acclaimed Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which brings pre-professional advanced young musicians to town from all over Australia and internationally. The AISOI plays host to a public concert season during the first two weeks of December every year focusing on large symphonic music. Like the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, the AISOI uses the Federation Concert Hall as its performing base.

Hobart is home to Australia's oldest theatre, the Theatre Royal, as well as the Playhouse theatre, the Backspace theatre and many smaller stage theatres. It also has three Village Cinema complexes, one each in Hobart CBD, Glenorchy and Rosny, with the possibility of a fourth being developed in Kingston. The State Cinema in North Hobart specialises in arthouse and foreign films.[49]

Australia's first published novel, Quintus Servinton, was written and published in Hobart. It was written by a convict, Henry Savery, in a Hobart prison cell in 1830, while serving a sentence for forgery.[50] A generally autobiographical work, it's the story of what happens to a well educated man from a relatively well to do family, who makes poor choices in life.

The city has also long been home to a thriving classical, jazz, folk, punk, hip-hop, electro, metal and rock music scene. Internationally recognised musicians such as metal acts Striborg and Psycroptic, indie-electro bands The Paradise Motel and The Scientists of Modern Music, singer-songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of The Morning After Girls), Michael Noga (of The Drones), and Monique Brumby, two-thirds of indie rock band Love of Diagrams, post punk band Sea Scouts, theremin player Miles Brown, blues guitarist Phil Manning (of blues-rock band Chain), power-pop group The Innocents are all successful expatriates. In addition, founding member of Violent Femmes, Brian Ritchie, now calls Hobart home, and has formed a local band, The Green Mist. Ritchie also curates the annual international arts festival MONA FOMA, held at Salamanca Place's waterfront venue, Princes Wharf, Shed No. 1. Hobart hosts many significant festivals including summer's Taste of Tasmania celebrating local produce, wine and music, Dark Mofo[51] marking the winter solstice, Australia's premier festival celebration of voice the Festival of Voices,[52] and Tasmania's biennial international arts festival Ten Days On The Island. Other festivals, including the Hobart Fringe Festival,[53] Hobart Summer Festival, Southern Roots Festival, the Falls Festival in Marion Bay and the Soundscape Festival also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.

Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. The Meadowbank Estate winery and restaurant features a floor mural by Tom Samek, part funded by the Federal Government.[54] The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. The multi-storey MONA gallery was built directly underneath the historic Sir Roy Grounds courtyard house, overlooking the River Derwent. This building serves as the entrance to the MONA Gallery.[55]

Hobart has a growing street art scene thanks to a program called Hobart Walls,[56] which was launched in association with the Vibrance Festival,[57] an annual mural-painting event. The City of Hobart and Vibrance Festival launched Hobart's first legal street art wall in Bidencopes Lane in 2018, allowing any artist to paint there, on any day of the week, provided they sign up for a permit and paint between 9am – 10pm.

Designed by the prolific architect Sir Roy Grounds, the 17-storey Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay, opened as Australia's first legal casino in 1973.

The city's nightlife primarily revolves around Salamanca Place, the waterfront area, Elizabeth St in North Hobart and Sandy Bay, but popular pubs, bars and nightclubs exist around the city as well. Major national and international music events are usually held at the Derwent Entertainment Centre, or the Casino. Popular restaurant strips include Elizabeth Street in North Hobart, and Salamanca Place near the waterfront. These include numerous ethnic restaurants including Chinese, Thai, Greek, Pakistani, Italian, Indian and Mexican. The major shopping street in the CBD is Elizabeth Street, with the pedestrianised Elizabeth Mall and the General Post Office.

Close Shave, one of Australia's longest serving male a cappella quartets, is based in Hobart.

The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the largest privately owned museum in the Southern Hemisphere

Events
Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for yachts after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, and is the scene of celebration by many yachtsmen during the new year festivities.

Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race which starts in Sydney on Boxing Day (the day after Christmas Day). The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the Hobart Summer Festival, a food and wine festival beginning just after Christmas and ending in mid-January. The Taste of Tasmania is a major part of the festival, where locals and visitors can taste fine local and international food and wine.

The city is the finishing point of the Targa Tasmania rally car event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.

The annual Tulip Festival at the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular Spring celebration in the city.

The Australian Wooden Boat Festival is a biennial event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the Royal Hobart Regatta, which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event.

Sport
Blundstone Arena is home to cricket and Australian rules football, Hobart's two most popular spectator sports.

Most professional Hobart-based sports teams represent Tasmania as a whole rather than exclusively the city.

Cricket is a popular game of the city. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval on the Eastern Shore. A new team, Hobart Hurricanes represent the city in the Big Bash League. Bellerive Oval has been the breeding ground of some world class cricket players including the former Australia captain Ricky Ponting.

Despite Australian rules football's huge popularity in the state of Tasmania, the state does not have a team in the Australian Football League. However, a bid for an Tasmanian AFL team is a popular topic among football fans. The State government is one of the potential sponsors of such a team. Local domestic club football is still played. Tasmanian State League football features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues such as Southern Football League and the Old Scholars Football Association are also played each Winter.

The city has two local rugby league football teams (Hobart Tigers and South Hobart Storm) that compete in the Tasmanian Rugby League.

Tasmania is not represented by teams in the NRL, Super Rugby, ANZ Championship, A-League, or NBL. However, the Hobart Chargers do represent Hobart in the second-tier South East Australian Basketball League. Besides the bid for an AFL club which was passed over in favour of a second Queensland team, despite several major local businesses and the Premier pioneering for a club, there is also a Hobart bid for entry into the A-League.

Hockey Tasmania has a men's team (the Tasmanian Tigers) and a women's team (the Van Demons) competing in the Australian Hockey League. Hobart hosted the FIH junior men's world cup in 2001.

The city co-hosted the basketball FIBA Oceania Championship 1975.

Media
The main television and radio transmitter of Hobart behind the lookout building near the summit of Mount Wellington.

Five free-to-air television stations service Hobart:

  • ABC Tasmania (ABT)
  • SBS Tasmania (SBS)
  • Southern Cross Television Tasmania (TNT) – Seven Network affiliate
  • WIN Television Tasmania (TVT) – Network Ten affiliate
  • Tasmanian Digital Television (TDT) – Nine Network affiliate

Each station broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels.

Hobart is served by twenty-eight digital free-to-air television channels:

  1. ABC
  2. ABC HD (ABC broadcast in HD)
  3. ABC Comedy/KIDS
  4. ABC ME
  5. ABC News
  6. SBS
  7. SBS HD (SBS broadcast in HD)
  8. SBS Viceland
  9. SBS Viceland HD (SBS Viceland broadcast in HD)
  10. Food Network
  11. NITV
  12. SCTV (on relay from Melbourne)
  13. SCTV HD (Seven broadcast in HD)
  14. 7Two
  15. 7mate
  16. Racing.com
  17. Nine (on relay from Melbourne)
  18. 9HD (TDT broadcast in HD)
  19. 9Gem
  20. 9Go!
  21. WIN (on relay from Melbourne)
  22. WIN HD (WIN HD broadcast in HD)
  23. One
  24. Eleven
  25. TVSN
  26. Gold

The majority of pay television services are provided by Foxtel via satellite, although other smaller pay television providers do service Hobart.

Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include Triple M Hobart, HIT 100.9 and 7HO FM. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station Ultra106five, Edge Radio and 92FM which targets the wider community with specialist programmes. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via 936 ABC Hobart, Radio National, Triple J, NewsRadio and ABC Classic FM. Hobart is also home to the video creation company Biteable.

StationFrequency
Energy FM87.8 FMCommercial
Triple J92.9 FMGovernment funded
ABC Classic FM93.9 FMGovernment funded
Hobart FM96.1 FMCommunity
Edge Radio99.3 FMCommunity
HIT 100.9100.9 FMCommercial
7HO FM101.7 FMCommercial
SBS Radio105.7 FMGovernment funded
Ultra106five106.5 FMChristian/Narrowcast
Triple M Hobart107.3 FMCommercial
ABC Radio National585 AMGovernment funded
ABC NewsRadio747 AMGovernment funded
7RPH864 AMCommunity
936 ABC Hobart936 AMGovernment funded
TOTE Sport Radio1080 AMRacing/Narrowcast
Rete Italia1611 AMItalian radio
NTC Radio Australia1620 AMCommunity

Hobart's major newspaper is The Mercury, which was founded by John Davies in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is owned and operated by Rupert Murdoch's News Limited.

Government
Parliament House of Tasmania

Greater Hobart metropolitan area consists of five local government areas of which three, City of Hobart, City of Glenorchy and City of Clarence are designated as cities. Hobart also includes the urbanised local governments of the Municipality of Kingborough and Municipality of Brighton. Each local government services all the suburbs that are within its geographical boundaries and are responsible for their own urban area, up to a certain scale, and residential planning as well as waste management and mains water storage.

Most citywide events such as the Taste of Tasmania and Hobart Summer Festival are funded by the Tasmanian State Government as a joint venture with the Hobart City Council. Urban planning of the Hobart CBD in particular the Heritage listed areas such as Sullivans Cove are also intensely scrutinised by State Government, which is operated out of Parliament House on the waterfront.

Infrastructure

Education
University of Tasmania's Centenary Building, Sandy Bay campus

Hobart is home to the main campus of the University of Tasmania, located in Sandy Bay. On-site accommodation colleges include Christ College, Jane Franklin Hall and St John Fisher College. Other campuses are in Launceston and Burnie.

The Greater Hobart area contains 122 primary, secondary and pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. TasTAFE operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within the Greater Hobart area that provide vocational education and training.[58]

Health

Royal Hobart Hospital is a major public hospital in central Hobart with 501 beds, which also serves as a teaching hospital for the University of Tasmania.

A private hospital, Hobart Private Hospital is located adjacent to it and operated by Australian healthcare provider Healthscope. The company also owns another hospital in the city, the St. Helen's Private Hospital,[59] which features a mother-baby unit.[60]

Transport
Hobart International Airport

The only public transportation within the city of Hobart is via a network of Metro Tasmania buses funded by the Tasmanian Government and a small number of private bus services. Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated passenger tram services, a trolleybus network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. However, the tramway closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart.

Suburban passenger trains, run by the Tasmanian Government Railways, were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the Tasman Limited, ceased running in 1978. Recently though there has been a push from the city, and increasingly from government, to establish a light rail network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks in a North South corridor; to help relieve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD.

The main arterial routes within the urban area are the Brooker Highway to Glenorchy and the northern suburbs, the Tasman Bridge and Bowen Bridge across the river to Rosny and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the Southern Outlet south to Kingston and the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the Lyell Highway to the west coast, Midland Highway to Launceston and the north, Tasman Highway to the east coast, or the Huon Highway to the far south.

Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, there has been the demise of a regular commuter ferry service – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There is however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the Tasman Bridge.

Hobart is served by Hobart International Airport with flights to/from Melbourne (Qantas, Virgin Australia, Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia); Sydney (Qantas, Jetstar and Virgin); Brisbane (Virgin); Perth (Virgin); Gold Coast (Tiger Airways); and Adelaide (Jetstar).The smaller Cambridge Aerodrome mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.

MONA ROMA ferry in the Port of Hobart

In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac) and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin and Cairns have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed. In 2016, work began on a 500-metre extension of the existing runway in addition to a $100 million upgrade of the airport. The runway extension is expected to allow international flights to land and increase air-traffic with Antarctica. This upgrade was, in part, funded under a promise made during the 2013 federal election by the Abbott government.[61]

Notable residents

Arts
Actor Errol Flynn was born in Hobart in 1909.
  • Asta, singer-songwriter
  • Phillip Borsos, best known for his films The Mean Season (1985) and One Magic Christmas (1985)
  • Essie Davis, actress
  • Richard Flanagan, author
  • Errol Flynn, Hollywood actor
  • Frederick Frith, painter and photographer
  • Lisa Gormley, English-born Australian actress best known for playing Bianca Scott on the Channel 7 serial drama Home and Away
  • Lucky Grills, best known for portraying the unconventional detective "Bluey" Hills in the television series Bluey in 1976.
  • Robert Grubb, actor
  • John Harwood, writer and poet
  • Ernest, Tasman and Arthur Higgins, brothers and pioneering cinematographers during the silent era
  • Don Kay, Australian classical composer
  • William Kermode, artist
  • Constantine Koukias, a Greek-Australian composer and flautist
  • Louise Lovely, the first Australian motion picture actress to find success in Hollywood
  • Dennis Miller, actor best known for his recurring role on Blue Heelers as Ex-Sergeant Pat Doyle (1994–2000).[62]
  • Richard Morgan, most noted for playing the long-running role of Terry Sullivan in the Australian television series The Sullivans.
  • Tara Morice, actress
  • Gerda Nicolson, actress
  • Glenn Richards, musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist with Augie March
  • Brian Ritchie, musician, bassist of Violent Femmes
  • Clive Sansom, poet and playwright
  • Don Sharp, actor
  • Michael Siberry, actor
  • Jaason Simmons, actor best known for his role as life guard Logan Fowler in the TV series Baywatch
  • Freya Stafford, actress who has appeared on TV programs such as Head Start and White Collar Blue and the 2010 horror film, The Clinic
  • Amali Ward, Australian Idol Season 2 finalist
  • Charles Woolley, photographer and artist
  • Sam Wood The Bachelor Australia Season 3 Bachelor
  • Saroo Brierley, author of A Long Way Home adapted into 2016 film, Lion.
  • Jeanine Claes, artist, dancer, choreographer and dance teacher

Sports
  • Scott Bowden – Australian cyclist
  • Al Bourke – Australian boxer of the 1940s, and 1950s
  • Roy Cazaly – Australian rules footballer who died in 1963 in Hobart, member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame
  • Rodney Eade – Australian rules footballer who played 259 games for Hawthorn and the Bears, former head coach of the Western Bulldogs until Round 21, 2011 and former head coach of the Gold Coast Suns.
  • David Foster – World Champion woodchopper
  • Ryan Foster – Middle-distance runner and first Tasmanian to break the 4-minute mile.
  • Brendon Gale – former Australian rules footballer, and is CEO of the Richmond Football Club
  • Royce Hart – Australian rules footballer, member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame with legend status and member of the Team of the Century
  • Peter Hudson AM – Australian rules footballer, considered one of the greatest full-forwards in the game's history, when playing for Glenorchy he kicked 616 goals in 81 games with some records stating he instead kicked 769 goals; he is also a member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame
  • Peter 'Percy' Jones – Australian rules footballer, played 249 games for the Carlton Blues in the VFL
  • Eddie Ockenden – midfielder and striker for Australia's national hockey team, the Kookaburras
  • Tim Paine – Captain and current wicketkeeper for the Australian test team
  • Steve Randell – Australian Test cricket match umpire; convicted of 15 counts of sexual assault against nine schoolgirls
  • Jack Riewoldt – Premiership winning Australian rules footballer for Richmond, winner of the 2010 and 2012 Coleman and Jack Dyer Medal, cousin of Nick.
  • Nick Riewoldt – Australian rules footballer, former captain of the St Kilda Football Club
  • Ian Stewart – Australian rules footballer who played 127 games for St Kilda including the club's first (and thus far only) Premiership in 1966, he is also a member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame with legend status
  • Max Walker – Australian rules footballer and Australian cricketer, media commentator and motivational speaker
  • Paul Williams – Australian Rules footballer who played 306 games for Collingwood and Sydney, also previously caretaker coach of the Western Bulldogs
  • Cameron Wurf – Australian road cyclist and member of the Cannondale Pro Cycling Team
  • Adam Coleman, rugby union player

Others
  • Elizabeth Blackburn, Nobel Prize-winning biological researcher
  • Bob Brown, retired politician, former leader of the Australian Greens
  • William Buckley, escaped convict who lived with the native Wathaurung people on the Bellarine Peninsula for over 30 years
  • Alec Campbell, longest surviving war veteran from the Gallipoli Campaign
  • Peter Conrad, academic and author, teaching at Christ Church, Oxford
  • Mary Donaldson, Crown Princess of Denmark
  • Helene Chung Martin, journalist and author, notable for being the first reporter of Asian descent to report on the ABC
  • Bernard Montgomery, general who grew up in Hobart; served in both world wars and is famous for his victory at the battle of El Alamein
  • Alexander Pearce, convict and cannibal
  • Joseph Potaski, convict and first Pole to come to Australia
  • Harry Smith, Officer Commanding D Company, 6 RAR during the Battle of Long Tan in the Vietnam War
  • David Walsh, art collector and founder of the Museum of Old and New Art
  • Charles Wooley, journalist, most famous for his role on Channel Nine's 60 Minutes

Sister cities

See also
  • Hobart City Centre

Notes
  1. In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland, Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately
  2. As a percentage of 208,632 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
  3. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group.[33]
  4. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
  5. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.

References
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  57. "Vibrance Festival"
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Further reading
  • Frank Bolt (2004). The Founding of Hobart 1803–1804. Peregrine Pty Ltd, Kettering Tasmania. ISBN 0-9757166-0-3.
  • Peter Timms (2009). In Search of Hobart. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney (NSW). ISBN 978-1-921410-54-3 (hbk.).
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