Williamina Barclay

Barclay was born in Glasgow to Jessie Maxwell and Andrew Barclay, who was an engineer.[1] In 1922, Barclay qualified as a state registered nurse at Glasgow Royal Infirmary[1]. Afterwards, she became a district nurse in Glasgow and trained as a midwife in Dundee[1]. She had been acknowledged as a Queen's Nurse for over five years before she was offered a nurse post on Hirta, the largest island in St Kilda, in 1928.[1][3]

St. Kildans sitting on the village street, 1886.

Once Barclay arrived on the island, she was faced with the poor conditions the islanders were living in. Disease and migration during the 1920s had thinned out the population and the community was struggling to produce enough food to sustain itself.[2][3][4] The severity of these conditions peaked during the harsh winter of 1929-1930, which caused several islanders to question whether they should continue living on St Kilda.[2][4] Even though Barclay did not speak Gaelic and most of the islanders were not very fluent in English,[2] she managed to build a relationship with the islanders.[1] Throughout her time on the island, she reported several of her observations to the Scottish Department of Health officials and raised awareness about the conditions at the island.[1] In April 1930, Barclay suggested the possibility of evacuation to the islanders over tea and convinced several of the islanders.[1] She would later go on to assist the islanders, together with the missionary and schoolteacher Dugald Munro, in drawing up an official petition to request assistance with the evacuation and resettlement on the mainland.[1][4]

Barclay was appointed the government's representative on St Kilda in June 1930 and as such she bore responsibility for the planning of the evacuation and aiding resettlement of thirty-six St Kildans on the mainland, including the movement of their sheep.[1] On 29 August 1930 she sailed with the islanders to Lochaline, where most of the islanders would make their new home. Barclay visited all of the resettled islanders and found that some were experiencing difficulties with the disillusionment and adjustment, which she reported to the Scottish Department of Health.[1][2] She was awarded MBE in 1931.[5]

• Petition to Secretary of State for Scotland signed by the islanders of St Kilda requesting government assistance to leave the island, 10 May 1930 National Records of Scotland, Agriculture and Fisheries files, AF57/26/3/.
• Video footage of the evacuation from St Kilda from the National Library of Scotland - Moving Image Archive.