Waze

Waze (/weɪz/; formerly FreeMap Israel) is a GPS navigation software app owned by Google. It works on smartphones and tablet computers that have GPS support. It provides turn-by-turn navigation information and user-submitted travel times and route details, while downloading location-dependent information over a mobile telephone network. Waze describes its app as a community-driven GPS navigation app, which is free to download and use.

This article is about the GPS navigation software. For the Skepta, Chip and Young Adz song, see Waze (song). For the Tierra Whack song, see Whack World.

Waze
Original author(s)Waze Mobile
Developer(s)Google
Initial release2006 (2006) (as FreeMap Israel)
Stable release(s) [±]
Android4.60.0.5 / February 20, 2020 (2020-02-20)[1]
iOS4.56 / October 22, 2019 (2019-10-22)[2]
Preview release(s) [±]
Android4.57.2.0 / November 22, 2019 (2019-11-22)[3]
iOS4.56.90.901 / November 6, 2019 (2019-11-06)[4]
Available in50 languages[5]
TypeGPS navigation software
LicenseCommercial proprietary software
Websitewaze.com

The Israeli company Waze Mobile developed the Waze software. Ehud Shabtai, Amir Shinar and Uri Levine founded the company. Two Israeli venture capital firms, Magma and Vertex Ventures Israel, and an early-stage American venture capital firm, Bluerun Ventures, provided funding. Google acquired Waze Mobile in June 2013.

The app generates revenue from hyperlocal advertising to an estimated 130 million monthly users.[6]

History

Development

In 2006, FreeMap Israel was a project founded and developed by Israeli programmer Ehud Shabtai as a community project, which aimed to create, with the crowd sourcing assistance of community users, a free digital database of the map of Israel in Hebrew, and to ensure its free content, update and distribution.[7] In 2008, Shabtai formed a company called Waze to commercialize the project.[8] The company name was changed to Waze Mobile Ltd in 2009.

In 2010, the company raised $25 million in the second round of funding.[9] The company raised an additional $30 million in financing the following year.[10] The app was updated in 2011 to display real-time, community-curated points of interest, including local events such as street fairs and protests.[11]

In December 2011, Waze employed 80 people, composed of 70 at Ra'anana, Israel and 10 in Palo Alto, California.[12][13] The company also began to monetize its app in November 2012, offering resellers and advertisers a web interface to advertise based on location, where a small icon appears when a phone is at a particular location, prompting the user to engage.[14] It also offers TV news stations a web interface to broadcast current traffic reports and alerts directly from the Waze app; the service had been used by 25 U.S. TV news stations by June 2013.[15] It has also been used in Rio de Janeiro inside Centro de Operações Rio (Rio's Operations Center) since July 24, 2013,[16] as well as in New York and New Jersey since 2012.

In 2013, the GSM Association, a trade association of mobile network operators, gave Waze the Best Overall Mobile App award at the association's Mobile World Congress exhibition.[17]

Google subsidiary

Google bought Waze for $966 million in June 2013 to add social data to its mapping business. Waze's 100 employees received about $1.2 million on average, the largest payout to employees in Israeli high tech.[18]

In June 2013, the United States Federal Trade Commission started considering whether Google's purchase of Waze might violate competition law[19] – Waze was one of very few competitors in the mobile mapping sector to Google's own Google Maps. The FTC decided that it would not challenge Google's acquisition of Waze.[20] The UK Office of Fair Trading and the Israel Antitrust Authority also investigated it and allowed the acquisition.[21][22][23] In 2020 the FTC announced that they will be re-examining the acquisition of Waze.[24]

Overview

Waze collects map data, travel times and traffic information from users and transmits it to the Waze server, at no cost to Waze.[25] Waze users ("Wazers") can report accidents, traffic jams, speed and police traps, and, from the online map editor, can update roads, landmarks, house numbers, etc. Waze sends anonymous information, including users' speed and location, back to its database to improve the service as a whole.

Based on the information collected, Waze is then in a position to provide routing and real-time traffic updates. Waze can also identify the cheapest fuel station near a user or along their route, provided Waze has enabled fuel prices for that country.

Waze can be used anywhere in the world but requires enough initial users to create the maps and continuously update data to make it useful. Currently, only 13 countries have a full base map; the others are incompletely mapped, requiring users to record roads and edit maps.

Waze offers turn-by-turn voice navigation, real-time traffic, and other location-specific alerts. Waze encourages users to report traffic or road hazards by offering points.[26]

OS support

Waze supports Android and iPhone, while Symbian, BlackBerry 10 (except BlackBerry Q10),[27] Windows Phone 8[28] and Windows Mobile from version 5[29] were deprecated. In July 2013, Waze said they planned to support both iPhone and Android and would consider supporting new platforms. As older platforms (Symbian, WM, BlackBerry) do not support either a full native UI or other application programming interfaces they rely on, they claimed they could not support them anymore, although existing versions would continue to work.[30]

Features

Waze has the ability to direct users based on crowdsourced information. Waze users are able to report a multitude of traffic-related incidents from accidents to police traps. This data is used by Waze to help other users either by alerting them of the condition ahead or rerouting the user to avoid the area entirely. In addition to user input, Waze relies on information from state agencies for traffic events such as road construction. The idea behind this is that the more people that provide data the more accurate it will be.[31]

In addition to using crowdsourced information for traffic alerts, Waze also allows registered users to modify the map data itself through the Waze Map Editor. Map editors are allowed to make changes to the map based on where they have driven while using Waze as well as their rank which is based on how many map edits a user has made. In June 2013, Waze introduced a global localization project that enables future road closures and real-time traffic updates during major events in a given country, for example Tour de France.[32] Google also acquired Waze in the same month. At the time of Google's acquisition, there were nearly 50 million Waze users.[33] In 2017, an option was added for motorcycle users, as well as specialized routes for people eligible to drive in carpool lanes.[34]

Waze also lets users have the option to choose their navigation voice. Some featured voices include Morgan Freeman, T-Pain, DJ Khaled, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Cookie Monster, Colonel Sanders, Kevin Hart, Shaq, and many more.[35]

In March 2017, Spotify announced its partnership with Waze to give an integrated experience where Wazers could play music on Spotify directly from Waze app and get Waze directions on Spotify app on the Android platform. Six months later, the feature was made available on the iOS platform.[36][37] In May 2017, Waze introduced the ability for users to record their own voice navigation prompts.[38]

In August 2018, Waze introduced Android Auto support.[39] In September 2018, Waze introduced Apple CarPlay support after Apple released iOS 12.[40]

In October 2018, Waze announced its partnership with Pandora, Deezer, iHeart Radio, NPR One, Scribd, Stitcher, and TuneIn for Waze Audio Player which Spotify has been Waze inaugural partner. However, Android users won't be able to link Deezer, and iOS users won't have access to Pandora, NPR, or TuneIn when Waze announced its partnership in Medium suggesting joining its beta program to be able to use mentioned services.[41]

In February 2019, Waze updated its iOS platform with Siri Shortcuts support.[42] In May 2019 the company announced it would be adding Pandora a new streaming service to the audio play feature for iOS users, allowing riders to have more music options during their commute.[43] In August 2019, Waze add YouTube Music integration to both platform.[44]

Google announced at the Google I/O 2019 developer conference it was adding Google Assistant integration with Waze.[45] The integration was made available to Android phones in June 2019.[46]

Connected Citizens Program

Waze launched the Connected Citizens Program (CCP) in June 2014, a free, two-way data sharing program used by over 450 governments, departments of transportation, and municipalities for traffic analysis, road planning, and emergency workforce dispatching.[47][48] The program is a two-way data exchange between Waze and the partner.

In 2014, Rio de Janeiro started collecting data for its traffic management system. Rio collects real-time data both from drivers who use the Waze navigation app and pedestrians who use the public-transportation app Moovit. Rio was also talking to the owners of cycling app Strava to monitor movements of cyclists. It was noted that though initially the data the apps were sharing was all anonymous, more specific identifying details were possible, if people agreed to being monitored through their smartphones if they saw benefits for them.[49]

Criticism

Concerns have been expressed that the app located on smartphones can be used to monitor movements by identifiable individuals.[49]

Some road-safety advocates have voiced concern over the prospect of more drivers using Waze, which they say has the potential to distract them with a flurry of icons and notifications and put them at greater risk of an accident.[50]

In March 2014, a successful attempt was made by students from Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to fake a traffic jam.[51]

In December 2014, in a letter sent to Google, Los Angeles Police Department Chief Charlie Beck complained about the police locator feature, claiming it could be "misused by those with criminal intent to endanger police officers and the community". It was alleged that Ismaaiyl Brinsley, who shot and killed two NYPD officers that month, had used the Waze app prior to the murders and had posted a screenshot from the app on his Instagram account hours before the shootings, but that was unsubstantiated as the post was made 3 weeks prior to the shootings.[52] Users are able to mark the presence of an officer with a small icon and indicate if the officer is visible or hidden. The LAPD, among other police agencies, pressured Google to disable the feature on the application. Google states that knowing the whereabouts of an officer promotes safer driving.[53][54]

In April 2018, Waze was criticized for rerouting traffic to Baxter Street in Echo Park, Los Angeles, which is one of the steepest hills in the United States. The app was blamed for exacerbating the road's present condition and increasing the number of crashes and spin-outs at the steep hill. The LA municipality later reconfigured the road to a one-way street.[55][56]

Licensing

Waze Mobile Ltd holds several patents.[57][58][59] The Waze v2.x software was distributed under GNU General Public License v2, which did not extend to map data.[60] The base map data initially came from US Census Bureau TIGER data. FreeMap[61] data was not published under open content licenses even before the shift to Waze project. Ehud Shabtai who initiated and developed Freemap and Waze continuously insisted to crowdsource data without using external sources or projects like OpenStreetMap that would restrict commercialization of the Waze map data.[62] Starting with Waze v3 the application was rewritten and as such switched to a proprietary license.[63] The last open-source client version for the iPhone and Android is 2.4.0.0, and for Windows Mobile 2.0.[64][65]

A class action suit was filed in March 2014 by accountant Roey Gorodish against Waze, claiming intellectual property violation for the use of open-source FreeMap map and code from the open-source RoadMap software,[66] a project that Ehud Shabtai had contributed for the Windows PocketPC version in 2006.[67][68][69] The lawsuit was dismissed on March 5, 2017 with a clear cut decision that there was no basis for a class action suit in this case. The lawsuit was dismissed again with final verdict given by the Israeli Supreme Court on 28 January 2019.[70]

See also

References
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