Ushio Shinohara

Ushio Shinohara (born 1932, Tokyo), nicknamed “Gyu-chan”, is a Japanese Neo-Dadaist artist.[1] His bright, large work has been exhibited internationally at institutions including the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Centre Georges Pompidou, the Guggenheim Museum SoHo, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Seoul,[2] and others. Shinohara and his wife, Noriko, are the subjects of a documentary film by Zachary Heinzerling called Cutie and the Boxer (2013).[3]

Ushio Shinohara
Born1932 (age 87–88)
Tokyo, Japan
Other namesGyu-chan
EducationTokyo University of the Arts
MovementJapanese Neo-Dada
Spouse(s)Noriko Shinohara
Children3

Biography

Shinohara's parents instilled in him a love for painters such as Cézanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin. His father was a tanka poet who was taught by Wakayama Bokusui.[4] Shinohara’s mother was a painter who went to the Woman’s Art University (Joshibijutsu Daigaku) in Tokyo.

In 1952 Shinohara entered the Tokyo Art University (later renamed to Tokyo University of the Arts), majoring in oil painting, however he left before graduation in 1957.[1]

Neo-Dada Organizers

In 1960 Shinohara participated in a group called "Neo-Dada Organizers".[5] This group of artists showed their works of art in an exhibition in the 1960s called the Yomiuri Independent Exhibition.[6] This exhibition was sponsored by a newspaper, was open to the public, and was not judged by anyone. This type of exhibition was a form of an anti-salon and was a steppingstone for Shinohara’s sculptures of found objects which acquired the label of “junk art.”

Later, while living in New York, to save money on canvases (which were and are expensive) Ushio would wander alleyways collecting scraps of cardboard which he would bring back to his studio, wash, and then use to create his sculptures (so-called "junk art") composed of other found objects including discarded trash, motorcycle parts, and other mass-produced tokens of modern society.

The Neo Dadaism Organizers, including fellow Yomiuri Independent Exhibition participants Akasegawa Genpei, Shusaku Arakawa, and Yoshimura Masanobu, eventually transitioned into the Neo-Dada movement. The Neo-Dada movement can be considered a phase into Pop Art and was influenced by many of the avante-garde artists. The art that was crafted during the Neo-Dada movement was made with everyday items. (An artist who was influenced by Neo-Dadaism was Andy Warhol.)

During this time Shinohara created work called “boxing paintings” in which the artist dipped boxing gloves in sumi ink or paint and punched paper or canvas to splatter it with pigment.[7]

Shinohara, similar to many action-painting oriented artists of the 1950s and 1960s, cared more for the gesture and vitality and less for the beauty of the image. As Julia Cassim observed in her 1993 review of Shinohara's retrospective at Tsukashin Hall in Amagasaki, Japan,

“His kaleidoscopic paintings of pneumatic, rubber-nippled nudes, bikers and Coney Island’s garish glories are painted in the acid reds, greens and pinks common to Asian street fairs from Tokyo to Bombay. They burst at the seams with detail. Seemingly slapdash and rapidly painted, they are, in fact, as carefully composed as any more formal work.”[8]

New York

By 1965 the Neo-Dada Organizers group gave way and Shinohara left for New York in 1969 with a grant from the John D. Rockefeller 3rd Fund.[9] To visit New York was Shinohara’s dream; he left with the intention of staying in New York for a short period to work and create new ideas because of the different surroundings. He came to love the city's spirit and the mix of ethnicities so much he decided not to return to Japan.

In 1965, before Shinohara left for New York, he started one of his most successful series of works is called "Oiran".[10] An oiran is a title given to a courtesan. Instead of making his work look beautiful to represent what an oiran's personality was like, he made her look ugly and based this work off work in the Edo period (1603–1868).[10] This period can, in a way, be called the beginning of the modern period of Japan. The "Oiran" work was a backlash or rejection of what society believed to be beautiful.[10] He used fluorescent paint and showed the grotesque beauty that was ignored many times in Japanese art.[10] For the "Oiran Series", Shinohara was awarded a prize by the William and Norma Copley Foundation.

In New York he loved being a tourist and getting inspiration from anything and anyone he ran into. He kept with the concept of reinventing American art such as comics and Neo-Dada works. He remained fixed on the freedom of America. He knew very few people in America and his English was poor, but because of these hardships his work excelled. It was easier for him to express his ideas because of all his new experiences.

His next works of art became motorcycles done around 1970.[10] In his mind, motorcycles represented America. He created these works out of discarded objects — primarily scraps of cardboard he washed and soaked in water to make them pliant, shaping them almost like papier-mâché. They were rough, vigorous sculptures. The motorcycles were reminiscent of what America meant to him, but many times these sculptures had geishas riding on the back seat. The sculptures were painted in shades of green, pink and red which paralleled the colors of street fairs in Tokyo. They were full of detail, very carefully composed, and extremely large. Shinohara wanted these pieces to have a great effect on the viewer and sought to accomplish that with the composition, vivid colors and the scale of the work.

Around 1990, he turned to boxing-painting once more using a huge piece of paper and boxing gloves dipped into neon paint.[11] This art was soon turned into a performance. He turned these performances into "battles" where he battles against other artists before a crowd, usually in New York.

Influences

Photographer Shōmei Tōmatsu was a strong influences on his art.[4] Shōmei was a Japanese photographer who studied at Aichi University. He took photos for Japanese photography magazines that were controversial and showed contemporary images. Shinohara was also influenced by Hollywood culture, comic books and the culture of jazz.

Personal life

Ushio Shinohara has been married to artist Noriko Shinohara since the early 1970s, together they have a son who is also an artist, Alexander Kūkai Shinohara.[9][12][13] Their tumultuous life together as a family was subject to the Zachary Heinzerling directed, 2013 documentary, Cutie and the Boxer.[9][14] The family is based in the Dumbo neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.[15][13] Ushio Shinohara had a previous marriage in Japan and has two children from that marriage.[13]

Exhibitions

In 1982, the Japan Society in New York City hosted an exhibition of Shinohara's work, titled "Tokyo Bazooka". It was curator Alexandra Munroe's first project at the museum after having studied Japanese art through the mid-19th century and reportedly inspired her research into modern and contemporary Japanese artists practice, including the 1994 exhibition and catalogue "Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky".[1]

In 1990, Ushio Shinohara's work was part of a traveling exhibition that was sponsored by the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Also, his boxing-painting and motorcycle sculptures were a part of an exhibition at MoMA from September through November 2005. Shinohara's work "Coca-Cola Plan" (1964) was included in "Tokyo 1955–1970: A New Avant-Garde" with ran from November 2012 until February 2013 at the MoMA in New York.[16]

Collections

Shinohara's work is found in multiple public museum collections including: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) New York,[17] the Metropolitan Museum of Art,[18][19] Hara Museum of Contemporary Art,[20] Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art with the Yamamura Collection,[21] and others.

A 1961 photo by William Klein, of Shinohara creating a boxing painting performance is included in the collection at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.[22]

Awards

See also

References
  1. Munroe, Alexandra (2007). "USHIO SHINOHARA: Canal Street Cornucopia". Japan Society.
  2. "Marcello Farabegoli Projects | Ushio Shinohara". www.marcello-farabegoli.net. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  3. "Japanese couple's canvas alive with the art of love". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
  4. "Ushio Shinohara". Institut d’art contemporain (IAC), Villeurbanne/Rhône-Alpes (in French). Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  5. "Ushio Shinohara". New-York-Art.com. 1999. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  6. "Ushio Shinohara". kunstaspekte.de (in German). 2008. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  7. "About Japan: A Teacher's Resource | Scene from Boxing Painting". Japan Society. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  8. "Ushio Shinohara, Revenge of the Poison Frog: work in progress". www.artcat.com. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  9. "Shinohara Ushio and Noriko: A Couple Wrestles with the Demon Called Art". nippon.com. 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  10. Coustou, Elsa (2015-09-01). "Ushio Shinohara". Tate Museum. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  11. Hilgenstock, Andrea (2008-11-06). "Blutiger Kurtisanen-Mord". DIE WELT (in German). Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  12. Pavia, Will (2015-09-12). "The first couple of pop art". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2018-07-14. In 1972, Noriko Shinohara met the man who ruined her life.
  13. Kilgannon, Corey (July 26, 2013). "The Art of War". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-07-14. They met in Manhattan in 1973 when he was 41 and a rising star, and she was 19 and an art student. He was a heavy drinker, not yet divorced from a woman in Japan who was raising their two sons.
  14. "September 2013: Meet the Makers of the Art Documentary Cutie and the Boxer". White Hot Magazine. September 2013. Retrieved 2018-07-14 – via Mutual Art.
  15. "Wrestling the Demon: Noriko and Ushio Shinohara". Asia Contemporary Art Week. 2018. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  16. Jackson, Paul (2012). "TOKYO 1955–1970 FOCUSES ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF JAPAN's CAPITAL INTO A CENTER OF THE AVANT-GARDE" (PDF). The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Retrieved 2018-07-13.
  17. "Ushio Shinohara". MoMA Collection. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  18. "Doll Festival (Onna no Matsuri), Collection". The Met. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  19. "Three Oiran (Courtesans) collection". The Met Museum. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  20. Tran, John L. (2018-02-20). "The best pick and mix of modern art". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  21. "Pop Art exhibition in Tate Modern, London, UK". www.wheretraveler.com. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  22. "Fighter Painter, Shinohara, Tokyo |". The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

Sources
  • Koplos, Janet. "Clamor and Quiet". Art in America. March 2006
  • Seyfarth, Leonard. "Berlin: Ushio Shinohara – Blutiger Oiran-Mord". Art Magazin. September 4, 2008
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