U.S.–British Staff Conference (ABC–1)

The U.S.–British Staff Conference was a series of secret discussions between United States and British military staff members on American, British, and Canadian (ABC) military coordination in the event of U.S. entry into World War II. The conference took place in Washington, D.C. from January 29 to March 27, 1941 and concluded with a report entitled "ABC-1" which was tacitly approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt two days later.[1]

Agreements reached at the conference

The US-British Staff Conference Report of 1941 established the general military principles, resources, and deployment strategies for a joint Allied military strategy. The British approach to the Nazi problem varied from the initial US plan. The British initially called for a Sun Tsu approach of attacking the flanks and periphery of the Nazi interests (North Africa, middle east, etc.). By contrast, the US, following a Clausewitz-based approach sought a sledge-hammer, mass on mass battle with Nazi Germany[2]. The plan assumed that if the U.S. went to war with Nazi Germany, it would likely go to war with both Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan as well. The general principles of agreement stated that:[3]

Offensive policies included:[3]

  • The "early elimination" of Italy as an Axis partner;
  • Support of neutrals and underground groups in resisting the Axis;
  • Sustained air offensives to destroy Axis military power;
  • Build-up of forces for the eventual offensive against Germany and the capture of positions from which to launch that offensive;
  • The Atlantic and European areas were the "decisive theater" and as such would be the primary focus of US military efforts, although the "great importance" of the Middle East and Africa were noted.

Finally, if Japan entered the war, military strategy in the Far East would be defensive.[3] Although the ABC-1 agreement was not a military alliance, it nevertheless signified that the United States was preparing to enter the war on the side of the Allied powers, that the United States would make every effort to maintain the security of the British Commonwealth, and that the United States military was modifying existing war plans (e.g., the RAINBOW plans) to incorporate military integration and cooperation with other nations.

See also

Sources
  1. Powaski, Ronald E. (1991). Toward an entangling alliance : American isolationism, internationalism, and Europe, 1901-1950. Greenwood Press. pp. 95–7. ISBN 9780313272745.
  2. Matloff, Maurice (1986). Allied Strategy in Europe, 1939-1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 680–682.
  3. Watson, Mark Skinner (1991). "Chapter 12, Coordination with Britain". Chief of Staff: Pre-war Plans and Preparation. United States Army in World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. pp. 375–82. CMH Pub 1-1.
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