Train T

In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of 0.5 l (30.5 cu in), so the displacements were 1 l (61.0 cu in), 2 l (122.0 cu in) and 3 l (183.1 cu in) and the rated outputs 15 kW (20.1 hp), 30 kW (40.2 hp) and 44.7 kW (60 hp) respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of 85 mm (3.3 in).[1]

Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged 154.5 km/h (96.0 mph; 83.4 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) and 95 km/h (59.0 mph; 51.3 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of 4,935 m (16,191 ft) in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.[1]

It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of 1,229 km (763.7 mi; 663.6 nmi); the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering 330 km (205.1 mi; 178.2 nmi).[1]

Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, 18 m (59.1 ft) span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.[2]

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1] unless noted

Train 2T

2-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 1 l (61.0 cu in), 15 kW (20.1 hp)

Train 4T

4-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 2 l (122.0 cu in), 30 kW (40.2 hp)

Train 4A - 30–41 kW (40–55 hp) variant of the 4T[3]

Train 4E - 37–41 kW (50–55 hp) variant of the 4T[3]

Train 6T

6-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 3 l (183.1 cu in), 44.7 kW (60 hp)

Train 6D

6-cylinders, 85 mm (3.35 in), 3.4 l (207.5 cu in), 62 kW (83.1 hp)

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1] and www.AviaFrance

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1]

General characteristics

• Type: 4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled
• Bore: 80 mm (3.15 in)
• Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 in)
• Displacement: 2.01 L (123 in³))
• Length: 670 mm (26.4 in)
• Width: 240 mm (9.45 in)
• Height: 516 mm (20.3 in)
• Dry weight: 46 kg (101 lb)

Components

• Valvetrain: Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.
• Fuel system: single carburetter
• Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder
• Oil system: Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.
• Cooling system: air
• Reduction gear: None
• Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.

Pistons

Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder

Connecting rods

Forged duralumin with split big ends.

Crankshaft

4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.

Crankcase

Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.

Performance

• Power output: Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm
• Specific power: 16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in³)
• Compression ratio: 6:1
• Specific fuel consumption: 322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))
• Oil consumption: 61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))
• Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines