Toyota K platform
The Toyota K platform, informally known as the Toyota Camry platform, is a front-wheel-drive automobile platform (also adaptable to four-wheel-drive) that has underpinned various Toyota and Lexus models from the mid-size category upwards[1] since September 1999, starting with the Avalon (XX20).[2][3][4][5][6] Besides the Camry, the K platform was used on minivans, crossovers and luxury sedans. This platform was larger than the front-wheel-drive MC and New MC platforms, but less upscale than the N and New N platforms designed for rear-wheel drive luxury applications.[1] Starting with the XV70 Toyota Camry (2017), the K platform is part of the Toyota New Global Architecture.
Features
- It is a front-wheel drive platform, with optional four-wheel drive.
- Four-wheel drive variants use either:
- V-Flex II system, which is a viscous-coupling torque-on-demand unit (on most models); or
- Symmetric full-time four-wheel drive (on Lexus RX and Highlander)
- e-FOUR system (rear wheels are driven by electric motors) on hybrid models.
- Engines are mounted transversely.
- MacPherson struts are used in suspension at all four corners with the exception of the Sienna and Estima, which uses a twist-beam rear suspension.
Applications
- Toyota Aurion — XV40 (2006–2011),[7] XV50 (2011–2017)
- Toyota Avalon — XX20 (1999–2004),[2] XX30 (2005–2012),[5][6][7] XX40 (2012–2018)[8]
- Toyota Pronard — XX20 (2000–2004)
- Toyota Camry — XV30 (2001–2006),[4][5][6] XV40 (2006–2011),[7] XV50 (2011–2017)[9]
- Toyota Camry Solara — XV30 (2003–2009)[5][6][10]
- Toyota Highlander — XU20 (2000–2007),[5][6] XU40 (2007–2013),[11] XU50 (2013–2019)[12]
- Toyota Previa — XR30, XR40 (2000–2005)
- Toyota Alphard — AH10 (2002–2008)
- Toyota Sienna — XL20 (2003–2009),[5][6][13] XL30 (2010–2020)[14]
- Toyota Venza — AV10 (2008–2017)[11][15][16]
- Toyota Windom — XV30 (2001–2006)
- Toyota Harrier — XU30 (2003–2013)
- Lexus ES — XV30 (2001–2006),[5] XV40 (2006–2012),[17] XV60 (2012–2018)[18]
- Lexus RX — XU30 (2003–2008),[5][6] AL10 (2008–2015),[7] AL20 (2015-present)
References
- Akita, Masahiro; Shiohara, Kunihiko (11 June 2012). "Observations on TNGA: How will Toyota's plans to make better cars affect suppliers". Credit Suisse. pp. 2, 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2014.
- "A look at Toyota's 25 years in Kentucky". KyForward. Lexington, Kentucky. Archived from the original on 2014-11-12.
- "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- Whitfield, Kermit (1 September 2001). "Toyota Pursues the Elusive 'Triple WOW'". Automotive Design & Production. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Kim, Liz (28 August 2001). "2002 Toyota Camry First Drive". Edmunds.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Sherefkin, Robert (20 August 2001). "He put Camry on track". Automotive News. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Hayashi, Tatsuhiko (27 January 2009). "New Lexus SUVs Come with Smooth Luggage Compartment". Nikkei Technology Online. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Phelan, Mark (24 June 2012). "Mark Phelan: Toyota's North American staff pitches in with Avalon redesign for 2013". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Eisenstein, Paul A. (24 August 2011). "First Drive: 2012 Toyota Camry". The Detroit Bureau. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Booth, David (10 August 2011). "Car Review: 2004 Toyota Camry Solara Coupe". Canwest News Service. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Riches, Erin (31 October 2008). "2009 Toyota Venza First Drive". Edmunds.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Mathioudakis, Bryon (28 March 2013). "Super Kluger!". Wheels. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014.
- Dubow, Charles (10 March 2005). "2005 Toyota Sienna XLE Limited AWD". Forbes. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Filipponio, Frank (18 December 2009). "First Drive: 2011 Toyota Sienna tries to make the minivan cool". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Vasilash, Gary S. (1 December 2008). "Venza Revealed". Automotive Design & Production. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Wood, Colum (3 March 2015). "Toyota Venza Axed". AutoGuide.com. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Wilson, Greg (19 May 2006). "First Drive: 2007 Lexus ES 350". Autos.ca. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- Harley, Michael (24 January 2014). "2013 Lexus ES350". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
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