Torsion conjecture

In algebraic geometry and number theory, the torsion conjecture or uniform boundedness conjecture for abelian varieties states that the order of the torsion group of an abelian variety over a number field can be bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the number field. A stronger version of the conjecture is that the torsion is bounded in terms of the dimension of the variety and the degree of the number field.

For the definition of uniformly bounded functions, see Uniform boundedness. For the result in functional analysis, see Uniform boundedness principle.

Elliptic curves
Torsion conjecture for elliptic curves
FieldNumber theory
Conjectured byAndrew Ogg
Conjectured in1973
First proof byBarry Mazur
Sheldon Kamienny
Loïc Merel
First proof in1977–1996

The (strong) torsion conjecture first posed by Ogg (1973) has been completely resolved in the case of elliptic curves. Barry Mazur (1977, 1978) proved uniform boundedness for elliptic curves over the rationals. His techniques were generalized by Kamienny (1992) and Kamienny & Mazur (1995), who obtained uniform boundedness for quadratic fields and number fields of degree at most 8 respectively. Finally, Loïc Merel (1996) proved the conjecture for elliptic curves over any number field. The proof centers around a careful study of the rational points on classical modular curves. An effective bound for the size of the torsion group in terms of the degree of the number field was given by Parent (1999).

Mazur provided a complete list of possible torsion subgroups for rational elliptic curves. If Cn denotes the cyclic group of order n, then the possible torsion subgroups are Cn with 1 ≤ n ≤ 10, and also C12; and the direct sum of C2 with C2, C4, C6 or C8. In the opposite direction, all these torsion structures occur infinitely often over Q, since the corresponding modular curves are all genus zero curves with a rational point. A complete list of possible torsion groups is also available for elliptic curves over quadratic number fields, and there are substantial partial results for cubic and quartic number fields (Sutherland 2012).

References
    • Kamienny, Sheldon (1992). "Torsion points on elliptic curves and -coefficients of modular forms". Inventiones Mathematicae. 109 (2): 221–229. Bibcode:1992InMat.109..221K. doi:10.1007/BF01232025. MR 1172689.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Kamienny, Sheldon; Mazur, Barry (1995). With an appendix by A. Granville. "Rational torsion of prime order in elliptic curves over number fields". Astérisque. 228: 81–100. MR 1330929.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Mazur, Barry (1977). "Modular curves and the Eisenstein ideal". Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS. 47 (1): 33–186. doi:10.1007/BF02684339. MR 0488287.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Mazur, Barry (1978), with appendix by Dorian Goldfeld, "Rational isogenies of prime degree", Inventiones Mathematicae, 44 (2): 129–162, Bibcode:1978InMat..44..129M, doi:10.1007/BF01390348, MR 0482230CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Merel, Loïc (1996). "Bornes pour la torsion des courbes elliptiques sur les corps de nombres" [Bounds for the torsion of elliptic curves over number fields]. Inventiones Mathematicae (in French). 124 (1): 437–449. Bibcode:1996InMat.124..437M. doi:10.1007/s002220050059. MR 1369424.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Ogg, Andrew (1973). "Rational points on certain elliptic modular curves". Proc. Symp. Pure Math. Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics. 24: 221–231. doi:10.1090/pspum/024/0337974. ISBN 9780821814246.
    • Parent, Pierre (1999). "Bornes effectives pour la torsion des courbes elliptiques sur les corps de nombres" [Effective bounds for the torsion of elliptic curves over number fields]. Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (in French). 1999 (506): 85–116. arXiv:alg-geom/9611022. doi:10.1515/crll.1999.009. MR 1665681.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Sutherland, Andrew V. (2012), Torsion subgroups of elliptic curves over number fields (PDF)
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