Timeline of hydrogen technologies

This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.

Timeline of future development of hydrogen technologies as a key enabler of the energy transition

Timeline

16th century
  • c. 1520 – First recorded observation of hydrogen by Paracelsus through dissolution of metals (iron, zinc, and tin) in sulfuric acid.

17th century
  • 1625 – First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas".
  • 1650 – Turquet de Mayerne obtained a gas or "inflammable air" by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on iron.
  • 1662 – Boyle's law (gas law relating pressure and volume)
  • 1670 – Robert Boyle produced hydrogen by reacting metals with acid.
  • 1672 – "New Experiments touching the Relation between Flame and Air" by Robert Boyle.
  • 1679 – Denis Papin – safety valve
  • 1700 – Nicolas Lemery showed that the gas produced in the sulfuric acid/iron reaction was explosive in air

18th century

19th century

20th century
  • 1901 – Wilhelm Normann introduced the hydrogenation of fats.
  • 1903 – Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii published "The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices"[10]
  • 1907 – Lane hydrogen producer
  • 1909 – Count Ferdinand Adolf August von Zeppelin made the first long distance flight with the Zeppelin LZ5.
  • 1909 – Linde–Frank–Caro process
  • 1910 – The first Zeppelin passenger flight with the Zeppelin LZ7.
  • 1910 – Fritz Haber patented the Haber process.
  • 1912 – The first scheduled international Zeppelin passenger flights with the Zeppelin LZ13.
  • 1913 – Niels Bohr explains the Rydberg formula for the spectrum of hydrogen by imposing a quantization condition on classical orbits of the electron in hydrogen
  • 1919 – The first Atlantic crossing by airship with the Beardmore HMA R34.
  • 1920 – Hydrocracking, a plant for the commercial hydrogenation of brown coal is commissioned at Leuna in Germany.[11]
  • 1923 – Steam reforming, the first synthetic methanol is produced by BASF in Leuna
  • 1923 – J. B. S. Haldane envisioned in Daedalus; or, Science and the Future "great power stations where during windy weather the surplus power will be used for the electrolytic decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen."
  • 1926 – Wolfgang Pauli and Erwin Schrödinger show that the Rydberg formula for the spectrum of hydrogen follows from the new quantum mechanics
  • 1926 – Partial oxidation, Vandeveer and Parr at the University of Illinois used oxygen in the place of air for the production of syngas.
  • 1926 – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood described the phenomenon of chain reaction.
  • 1926 – Umberto Nobile made the first flight over the north pole with the hydrogen airship Norge
  • 1929 – Paul Harteck and Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer achieve the first synthesis of pure parahydrogen.
  • 1930 – Rudolf Erren – Erren engine – GB patent GB364180 – Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel[12]
  • 1935 – Eugene Wigner and H.B. Huntington predicted metallic hydrogen.
  • 1937 – The Zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg was destroyed by fire.
  • 1937 – The Heinkel HeS 1 experimental gaseous hydrogen fueled centrifugal jet engine is tested at Hirth in March- the first working jet engine
  • 1937 – The first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator went into service at Dayton, Ohio.
  • 1938 – The first 240 km hydrogen pipeline Rhine-Ruhr.[13]
  • 1938 – Igor Sikorsky from Sikorsky Aircraft proposed liquid hydrogen as a fuel.
  • 1939 – Rudolf Erren – Erren engine – US patent 2,183,674 – Internal combustion engine using hydrogen as fuel
  • 1939 – Hans Gaffron discovered that algae can switch between producing oxygen and hydrogen.
  • 1941 – The first mass application of hydrogen in internal combustion engines: Russian lieutenant Boris Shelishch in the besieged Leningrad has converted some hundreds cars "GAZ-AA" which served posts of barrage balloons of air defense.
  • 1943 – Liquid hydrogen is tested as rocket fuel at Ohio State University.
  • 1943 – Arne Zetterström describes hydrox
  • 1947 – Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford measure the small energy shift (the Lamb shift) between the 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 levels of hydrogen, providing a great stimulus to the development of quantum electrodynamics
  • 1949 – Hydrodesulfurization (Catalytic reforming is commercialized under the name Platforming process)
  • 1951 – Underground hydrogen storage[14]
  • 1952 – Ivy Mike, the first successful test of a nuclear explosive based on hydrogen (actually, deuterium) fusion
  • 1952 – Non-Refrigerated transport Dewar
  • 1955 – W. Thomas Grubb modified the fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte.
  • 1957 – Pratt & Whitney's model 304 jet engine using liquid hydrogen as fuel tested for the first time as part of the Lockheed CL-400 Suntan project.[15]
  • 1957 – The specifications for the U-2 a double axle liquid hydrogen semi-trailer were issued.[16]
  • 1958 – Leonard Niedrach devised a way of depositing platinum onto the membrane, this became known as the Grubb-Niedrach fuel cell
  • 1958 – Allis-Chalmers demonstrated the D 12, the first 15 kW fuel cell tractor.[17]
  • 1959 – Francis Thomas Bacon built the Bacon Cell, the first practical 5 kW hydrogen-air fuel cell to power a welding machine.
  • 1960 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell forklift[18]
  • 1961 – RL-10 liquid hydrogen fuelled rocket engine first flight
  • 1964 – Allis-Chalmers built a 750-watt fuel cell to power a one-man underwater research vessel.[19]
  • 1965 – The first commercial use of a fuel cell in Project Gemini.
  • 1965 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell golf carts.
  • 1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile.[20]
  • 1966 – Slush hydrogen
  • 1966 – J-2 (rocket engine) liquid hydrogen rocket engine flies
  • 1967 – Akira Fujishima discovers the Honda-Fujishima effect which is used for photocatalysis in the photoelectrochemical cell.
  • 1967 – Hydride compressor
  • 1970 – Nickel hydrogen battery [21]
  • 1970 – John Bockris or Lawrence W. Jones coined the term hydrogen economy [22][23]
  • 1973 – The 30 km hydrogen pipeline in Isbergues
  • 1973 – Linear compressor
  • 1975 – John Bockris – Energy The Solar-Hydrogen Alternative – ISBN 0-470-08429-4
  • 1979 – HM7B rocket engine
  • 1981 – Space Shuttle Main Engine first flight
  • 1988 – First flight of Tupolev Tu-155. This was a variant of the Tu-154 airliner designed to run on hydrogen.
  • 1990 – The first solar-powered hydrogen production plant Solar-Wasserstoff-Bayern became operational.
  • 1996 – Vulcain rocket engine
  • 1997 – Anastasios Melis discovered that the deprivation of sulfur will cause algae to switch from producing oxygen to producing hydrogen
  • 1998 – Type 212 submarine
  • 1999 – Hydrogen pinch
  • 2000 – Peter Toennies demonstrates superfluidity of hydrogen at 0.15 K

21st century

See also

References
  1. 1784 Experiments
  2. Langins, Janis (8 Jun 1983). "Hydrogen production for ballooning during the French Revolution: An early example of chemical process development". Annals of Science. Taylor & Francis. 40 (6): 531–558. doi:10.1080/00033798300200381.
  3. 1809 – Fleming, History of Meteorology 25 Pag. 25
  4. "Pibal History". Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  5. "The Monthly Magazine". 1809. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  6. "The Hydrogen Engine". Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  7. 1820 Cecil the letter
  8. Jules Verne. "The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne: Chapter 33". Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  9. 1896 Weather balloon
  10. Tsiolkovsky's Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами – The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Russian paper) Archived 2008-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
  11. "A Students Guide to Refining – Energy – Articles – Chemical Engineering – Frontpage – Cheresources.com". Cheresources.com Community. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  12. Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel Archived 2013-01-05 at Archive.today
  13. The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction – pag 24
  14. Foh, S. "Underground hydrogen storage. Final report. [Salt caverns, excavated caverns, aquifers and depleted fields] (Technical Report) – SciTech Connect". OSTI 6536941. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. Sloop, John L. (1978). Liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel, 1945-1959. (The NASA history series) (NASA SP-4404). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 154–157.
  16. "ch8-11". Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  17. 1958 D 12 – Pag. 7 Archived 2008-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  18. "Fuel Cell History – Fuel Cell Today". Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  19. 1964 Allis Chalmers Pag.1
  20. Eberle, Ulrich; Mueller, Bernd; von Helmolt, Rittmar. "Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: status 2012". Energy & Environmental Science. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
  21. Nickel-Hydrogen Battery Technology—Development and Status Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Christina H. "SaveOnEnergy's Learning Center – Helping Customers since 2003" (PDF). Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  23. Lawrence W. Jones Toward a liquid hydrogen fuel economy, University of Michigan Engineering Technical Report UMR2320, March 13, 1970
  24. Sandia Corporation (2004). Fuel-Cell-Powered Mine Locomotive Archived 2014-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. Sandia National Laboratories.
  25. "E.ON inaugurates power-to-gas unit in Falkenhagen in eastern Germany". 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  26. "HyER » Enfarm, enefield, eneware!". Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
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