Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)

The Tappan Zee Bridge, officially named the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge after former New York Governor Mario Cuomo, is a twin cable-stayed bridge spanning the Hudson River between Tarrytown and Nyack in the U.S. state of New York. It was built to replace the original Tappan Zee Bridge, which was located just to the south. The new bridge's north span carries the northbound and westbound automobile traffic of the New York State Thruway, Interstate 87 (I-87) and I-287; it also carries a shared use path for bicycles and pedestrians. The south span carries southbound and eastbound automobile traffic.

This article is about the newly constructed bridge spanning the Hudson River. For the old bridge it replaced, see Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017).

Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
(Tappan Zee Bridge)
The bridge in 2019
Coordinates41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W
Carries8 lanes (4 northbound/westbound, 4 southbound/eastbound) of I-87 / I-287 / New York Thruway; bicycles and pedestrians
CrossesHudson River
LocaleConnecting Nyack (Rockland County) and Tarrytown (Westchester County)
Official nameGovernor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Other name(s)Cuomo Bridge; New NY Bridge; New Tappan Zee Bridge
Maintained byNew York State Thruway Authority
Characteristics
Designdual-span cable-stayed twin bridge
Total length16,368 ft (4,989.0 m; 3.1 mi; 5.0 km)[1]
Width183 ft (56 m), total of both decks: 87 ft (27 m) and 96 ft (29 m)
Height419 ft (128 m)
Longest span1,200 ft (370 m)
Clearance aboveunlimited
Clearance below139 ft (42 m)[2]
History
Construction start2013
Construction cost$3.9 billion (2013 project budget)[1]
OpenedAugust 26, 2017 (westbound/northbound span)[3]
September 11, 2018 (eastbound/southbound span)
ReplacesTappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)
Statistics
TollCars $5.00 Tolls-by-Mail; $4.75 NY E-ZPass (Eastbound/southbound only)
Larger vehicles pay variable toll based on vehicle class and time of day (cashless toll)[4]

The process to replace the original bridge kicked off in 2012, and Tappan Zee Constructors began construction on the new spans in 2013. The Left Coast Lifter (one of the world's biggest cranes) was instrumental in the construction of the bridge. The north span officially opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017, and eastbound traffic temporarily began using the north span on October 6, 2017. Tappan Zee Constructors then began demolishing the old bridge. An opening ceremony for the south span was held on September 8, 2018, and traffic started using the new span three days later.

The bridge's official name has been controversial since its announcement. A petition and proposed legislation have opposed the attachment of Mario Cuomo's name to the bridge.

History

Background

The Tappan Zee river crossing was named by 17th century Dutch settlers.[5] The Tappan Zee Bridge and the smaller Bear Mountain Bridge are the only crossings of the stretch of the Hudson between Westchester and Rockland counties, both of which are part of New York City's populous northern suburbs.

The original Tappan Zee Bridge was a cantilever bridge built from 1952 to 1955.[6][7] The bridge was 3 miles (4.8 km) long and spanned the Hudson at its second-widest point. It was the longest bridge in New York State, at a length of 16,013 feet (4,881 m) including approaches.[8] Built immediately after the Korean War, the bridge had a low construction budget of only $81 million and a designed life-span of only 50 years.[9] During its first decade, the bridge carried fewer than 40,000 vehicles per day.

By the 2000s, the bridge was "decaying" and "overburdened".[9] The deteriorating structure bore an average of 140,000 vehicles per day, substantially more traffic than its designed capacity.[10] The collapse of Minnesota's I-35W Mississippi River bridge in 2007 raised worries about the Tappan Zee Bridge's structural integrity.[11] These concerns, together with traffic overcapacity and increased maintenance costs, escalated the serious discussions already ongoing about replacing the Tappan Zee with a tunnel or a new bridge.[12][13] Six options were identified and submitted for project study and environmental review.[14]

Planning
Aerial view of the new Tappan Zee Bridge being constructed next to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge (August 2016)

The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating the Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual-span twin bridge. The new bridge was built a few yards to the north of the existing bridge, and connects to the existing highway approaches of the New York State Thruway (I-87/I-287) on both river banks.[15] The New York State Thruway Authority requested design proposals from four companies in 2012 and eventually received three project proposals.[16][17] The authority awarded a $3.142 billion contract to Tappan Zee Constructors (TZC), whose proposal was not only the least expensive but also promised the shortest construction timeline and included plans to minimize environmental impact.[18][17] Construction began as scheduled in October 2013,[19][20] with completion targeted for 2017.[21]

Originally, some motorists thought that bridge tolls could more than double (to $12-$15 for automobiles, eastbound only), rising to those of New York City's Hudson River crossings.[22] However, the state passed legislation freezing the toll on the bridge at $5 through 2020 in its 2016 legislative session.[23]

The new Tappan Zee Bridge was proposed to include four vehicle lanes on each span, for a total of eight lanes, as well as a shared-use bicycle and pedestrian path. Like its predecessor, the new Tappan Zee Bridge is to be administered by the New York State Thruway Authority. The authority is the project co-sponsor, along with the state Department of Transportation.[15]

Construction

The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council added the Tappan Zee Bridge to its list of projects eligible for federal funds in August 2012.[24] The United States Department of Transportation approved the plan on September 25, 2012. The approval process took fewer than 10 months as opposed to the traditional multi-year process as a result of being placed on a "fast track" for approval by the Obama Administration.[25] On December 17, 2012, New York state officials dropped their proposal for a 45 percent increase on the state Thruway toll for trucks, while advancing a $3.14 billion project to replace the bridge.[26] The project was funded through a public-private partnership.[27]

Under construction, day view (left, May 2017) and night view (right, September 2016)

The new Tappan Zee Bridge was designed and built by Tappan Zee Constructors, LLC (TZC) consortium of design, engineering, and construction firms including Fluor Corporation, American Bridge Company, Granite Construction Northeast and Traylor Bros. The Left Coast Lifter was used to install groups of pre-assembled girders one full span at a time.[28] By the end of 2013, General Electric had completed four seasons of dredging to remove contaminants from the river bottom. Approximately 70 percent of the sediments targeted for dredging were removed (totaling more than 1,900,000 cubic yards (1,500,000 m3) of sediment).[29]

On July 19, 2016, a crane used for the construction of the bridge collapsed onto the existing older bridge. Five people were injured, including three drivers and two bridge workers; no one was killed or critically injured.[30][31]

Completion
Deck of the new Tappan Zee Bridge, one week before its official opening

The project timeline originally indicated that the old bridge would be closed in 2016 and that the demolition of the old bridge would begin in February 2017.[32] The new northbound/westbound span opened on August 26, 2017.[3][33] Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the existing span until October 6, 2017, when it was shifted to the new northbound/westbound span to allow for the completion of the new southbound/eastbound span.[34] The northbound/westbound span of the new Tappan Zee Bridge temporarily carried four lanes in both directions until the new southbound/eastbound span was completed.[35][36]

After some delays, the project was later expected to be completed by June 15, 2018,[35] at a cost of $3.98 billion.[37] However, the scheduled opening was later pushed back to mid-September.[38] The new southbound/eastbound span was supposed to open to traffic on September 8, 2018.[39][40] An opening ceremony was held on that date,[41][42] but the traffic shift itself was delayed when a piece of the old bridge came loose on September 7 while being demolished. The opening of the eastbound span, which was 160 feet (49 m) away from the old bridge, was delayed until the old bridge could be stabilized.[43][44] After the old bridge was stabilized, all lanes were opened on September 11, 2018.[45][46]

Upon completion, the new Tappan Zee Bridge became one of the widest cable-stayed bridges in the world, having a combined width across both decks of 183 feet (56 m).[2] The new spans equal the width of the relatively short-span, cable-stayed Leonard Zakim Bridge in Boston.[47] Turkey's 3rd Bosphorus bridge, completed in 2016, has a single deck about 192 feet (59 m) wide. The bridge is intended to last at least 100 years.[22]

The demolition of the old bridge started in November 2017 with the removal of the first steel section from the Rockland County approach. The work continued to April 2018 including removal of the truss sections. In May 2018, the 10-million-pound main span was removed, leaving only the east and west approaches.[48] The original plan was to complete the remaining demolition by taking down spans piece by piece in order to minimize the environmental impacts. However, when the instability of the eastern span was discovered in September 2018, it was decided to destroy it outright.[44] The explosive demolition of the eastern approach took place on January 15, 2019,[49][50] while the western approach was lowered onto a barge on May 12, 2019 and hauled away.[51]

Tolls

The Tappan Zee Bridge charges tolls in the southbound/eastbound direction only. On weekdays, tolls are variable based on the New York State Thruway's vehicle classification system and the time of day, and are collected using a cashless toll system. On weekends, each vehicle class pays a flat rate. E-ZPass users pay the lowest rate possible, the rate normally charged from 12:00 midnight to 6:14 a.m., while other users are charged using the highest rate possible, the rate normally charged from 7:00 a.m. to 8:59 a.m. Class 2L vehicles, which have a height of less than 7.5 feet (2.3 m) and contain two axles, pay a flat rate of $5.00 at all times, or $4.75 with a New York-issued E-ZPass.[4]

Bicycle-pedestrian path

On June 15, 2020, the bicycle-pedestrian path on the northern span of the bridge opened. The path has six scenic overlooks known as "belvederes." Each belvedere is named after a local point of interest and provides Wi-Fi and a seating area.[52]

Lighting

The bridge is equipped with LED lights for the roadways and structures. The lights can be changed to a variety of colors for decorative purposes on major holidays such as Memorial Day and Christmas, traditional dates such as Mother's Day, Father's Day and St. Patrick's Day, and special commemorations throughout the year. The lighting system reputedly has the ability to be synced to music, although it has yet to be demonstrated.[53]

Public transportation
The near-completed new bridge, which is just north of the old bridge being dismantled

West of the Tappan Zee, the 680,000 residents of Rockland and Orange counties currently have very limited mass transit to New York City via NJ Transit's Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line commuter rail services or Coach USA's Rockland Coaches bus services. The bridge plan includes as an objective merely, "Providing a crossing that does not preclude future trans-Hudson transit services."[15]

A proposed bus rapid transit system using the new bridge was shelved as too expensive. However, the bridge was structurally built for expansion with BRT and/or commuter rail at a later date. The existing Tarrytown station of the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line is located about 2,000 feet (610 m) from the new bridge's eastern landing. In 2011, the state estimated that a bus connector to the station would cost about $151 million, about 3 percent of the bridge's projected cost.[54] Responding to widespread concerns about the lack of new public transit service, bridge planners agreed only to build one "dedicated express bus lane" in each direction for use during rush hour.[55]

Naming

During construction, the project's website referred to the crossing as the "New NY Bridge".[56] However, other sources referred to the crossing as the "New Tappan Zee Bridge".[57][58]

Governor Andrew Cuomo was successful in passing legislation to name the bridge after his late father, former Governor Mario Cuomo, on June 29, 2017.[59] This has been met with significant opposition from residents of nearby localities.[60][61][62][63] Many, including the daughter of former New York Governor Malcolm Wilson (whose name was on the original Tappan Zee Bridge), were vocal in their opposition to the name change.[64][65] A Reclaim New York Initiative poll of Rockland and Westchester county residents found only 14.7% of respondents supported the new name.[66] Many have cited the timing of the New York State legislature vote at the last session before the summer term ended and the last chance to enact a state budget.[67] As of November 29, 2017, over 100,000 people had signed a Change.org petition called "Return the Cuomo Bridge its original name: The Tappan Zee. That bridge is our history."[68][69] Despite the official name, "Tappan Zee Bridge" remains a common name for the structure.[70]

On December 6, 2017, State Assemblyman Kevin Byrne, a Republican from Mahopac in Putnam County, announced that he would introduce legislation to revert the name of the bridge to the "Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge".[71] The old Tappan Zee Bridge had been named for Wilson from 1994 to June 2017.[72] A compromise bill to rename the bridge the "Governor Mario M. Cuomo Tappan Zee Bridge" was sponsored by Senate Deputy Majority Leader John DeFrancisco, a Republican. On June 20, 2018, the State Senate voted 40–20 in favor of renaming the bridge. However, the effort failed after the Assembly's legislative session ended without the bill being put to a vote.[73]

See also

References
  1. "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. 2013. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  2. "Design Features". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  3. "Opening day on new Tappan Zee Bridge shows sleek design, new features". Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  4. "Incentive Pricing Toll Schedules - Cashless Tolling". New York State Thruway. November 7, 2014. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  5. Melvin, Tessa (August 21, 1994). "If You're Thinking of Living in Tarrytown; Rich History, Picturesque River Setting". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2007. The Dutch called this point, the river's widest, the Tappan Zee – Tappan probably for a group of Indians and Zee meaning "sea" in Dutch.
  6. "Thruway Fact Book" (PDF). New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  7. "The Thruway Bridge Opens". The New York Times. December 15, 1955. p. 36. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  8. "Tappan Zee Bridge 1955: Best, Longest, Safest". nyacknewsandviews. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  9. McGeehan, Patrick (January 17, 2006). "A Bridge That Has Nowhere Left to Go". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  10. "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018. Why Replace the Tappan Zee Bridge? The Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge opened to traffic in 1955 and, until its retirement on October 6, 2017, was a vital artery for residents, commuters, travelers and commercial traffic. Bridge traffic grew to about 140,000 vehicles per day in 2016, far more than the Tappan Zee was designed to support. Heavy traffic, narrow lanes and the lack of emergency shoulders had the potential to create unsafe driving conditions. As a result, the bridge had twice the average accident rate per mile as the rest of the 570-mile Thruway system. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent to maintain the structure in recent years, and the cost of maintaining it for the foreseeable future rivaled the cost of the new bridge, with no improvements to current traffic conditions. The New York State Thruway Authority retired the bridge on Oct. 6, 2017, after nearly 62 years of service.
  11. "Tappan Zee Bridge has received 'poor' ratings". Poughkeepsie Journal. Gannett News Service. August 3, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
  12. Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (June 2003). "Long List of Level 1 Alternatives". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  13. Zhao, Yilu (July 24, 2003). "From 156 Options, Down to 15 Ways to Go on Tappan Zee". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  14. Department of Transportation; Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (January 2006). "Alternatives Analysis Report, Level 2". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  15. US Federal Highway Administration (October 13, 2011). "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project Scoping Information Packet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  16. "Tappan Zee Bridge Project Enters Next Phase, Request for Proposal is Released" (Press release). New York State. March 16, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  17. "New NY Bridge Project to Replace Tappan Zee, Gets Final Contract Approval".
  18. "Cheapest Proposal Chosen for the New Tappan Zee Bridge". Curbed New York. December 17, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  19. "Governor Cuomo Announces Beginning of Formal Construction of the New NY Bridge to Replace Tappan Zee". Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. September 28, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  20. "New Tappan Zee construction starts". New York Post. Associated Press. October 16, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  21. Haughney, Christine (October 11, 2011). "U.S. Says It Will Expedite Approval to Replace Deteriorating Tappan Zee Bridge". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011. The state will pay for the project by issuing $3 billion in bonds against its toll revenues; the remaining $2.2 billion will be financed with loans from labor pension funds and the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act.
  22. "NY proposes steep toll increases for new Tappan Zee bridge". Reuters. August 4, 2012.
  23. "Tappan Zee tolls frozen until 2020". News 12 Westchester. News 12 Networks. April 7, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  24. Plotch, Philip Mark. Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey (2015). p. 165-168
  25. Bloomberg Businessweek, September 25, 2012
  26. "New York State Advances $3.1 Billion Plan To Replace Tappan Zee Bridge". CBS News New York. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  27. Mary Scott Nabers (February 12, 2016). "From Tappan Zee to Javits, how Cuomo's plans boost public-private partnerships". New York Business Journal. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  28. "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing". October 2014.
  29. "Hudson River PCB Dredging Project". Hudsondredging.com. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
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  31. "Four Hurt When Crane collapses onto Tappan Zee Bridge". NY Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  32. "About the project". New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  33. "Watch drone video of New York's new Tappan Zee Bridge". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  34. "Rockland-bound traffic to begin traveling on new Tappan Zee Bridge". ABC7 New York. August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  35. DeWitt, Scott Willis, Karen. "Gov. Cuomo Opens Thruway Bridge Across the Hudson Amid Questions About Tolls".
  36. Coyne, Matt (January 19, 2018). "Cold weather halts work on Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge until March". lohoud. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  37. "About". The New NY Bridge Project. October 12, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  38. McKinney, Michael P. (August 28, 2018). "Westchester-bound span of Cuomo bridge should be finished in mid-September: Governor". The Journal News. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
  39. "Cuomo Bridge second span will open Saturday, enhanced bus service to start Oct. 29". The Journal News. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  40. "Here's New Tappan Zee Bridge Traffic Shift Info, Timing For Second Span Opening". Greenburgh Daily Voice. January 27, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  41. "An 'Inappropriate' Mailer and a Delayed Bridge Opening Put Cuomo on the Defensive". The New York Times. September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  42. Vielkind, Jimmy (September 7, 2018). "A bridge for Mario Cuomo, dedicated with love". Politico PRO. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  43. "'Potentially Dangerous Situation' on Tappan Zee Delays Opening of New Cuomo Bridge Span". The New York Times. September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  44. Mays, Jeffery C. (January 5, 2019). "Explosives to Be Used in the Demolition of a Tappan Zee Bridge Span". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
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  46. Coyne, Matt (September 11, 2018). "Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge's second span opens to traffic". Journal News. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  47. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. "MassDOT — The Big Dig — Tunnels and Bridges — The Cable-stayed Bridge". Retrieved April 5, 2014. Girders, floor beams and two planes of cables support the bridge's 745-foot-long, 183-foot-wide main span.
  48. Coyne, Matt (September 7, 2018). "Tappan Zee Bridge demolition timeline". The Journal News. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  49. "Photos: Tappan Zee Bridge demolition". The Journal News. January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  50. "Farewell to Thee, Our Old Tappan Zee! Bridge Demolished With Explosives". NBC New York 4. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  51. "Tappan Zee: Final section of bridge is removed". Lohoud. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  52. Keane, Isabel (June 16, 2020). "Cuomo: Bike-pedestrian bridge path opens as 'home run' for region". Lohud.com. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  53. Esposito, Frank. "Why do Gov. Mario M. Cuomo Bridge lights change colors for special occasions, holidays". Lohud.com. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  54. Kazis, Noah (July 12, 2012). "Even a Paltry $150M For Tappan Zee Transit Is Too Much For Andrew Cuomo". Streetsblog NYC. OpenPlans. Retrieved August 4, 2012. 'This is a red herring that it’s going to cost $5 billion to do BRT and therefore we’re not going to do anything,' said Jeff Zupan, a senior fellow with the Regional Plan Association.
  55. Nicosia, Mareesa (August 15, 2012). "New Tappan Zee Bridge: Nyack residents voice traffic, noise, toll concerns". The Journal News. Westchester & Rockland Counties, New York. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2012. [E]ight general-purpose lanes would be flanked on each side by wide shoulders, which would allow emergency vehicles to pass traffic. One shoulder on each side of the bridge would serve as a dedicated express bus lane.
  56. "The New NY Bridge Project". www.newnybridge.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  57. "New Tappan Zee Bridge to Open Westbound Side Aug 25, 2017 - Visit Nyack". August 22, 2017.
  58. "Views From the New Tappan Zee Bridge".
  59. Berger, Joseph (August 24, 2017). "Bridge of Grand Ambitions Is Set to Open at the Tappan Zee". The New York Times.
  60. Woyton, Michael (June 12, 2018). "Petition Asking For Bridge Name Change Delivered To Albany". Patch.com. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  61. Conley, Kirstan; Musumeci, Natalie (November 13, 2017). "Thousands sign petition to change Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". New York Post.
  62. Fink, Zack. "Petition calls for Mario Cuomo Bridge to return to old name". NY1. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  63. "Fight over bridge name: Is it the Tappan Zee or Mario Cuomo?". News12.com. News 12 Networks. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  64. Campbell, Jon (June 22, 2017). "Daughter wants to keep Malcolm Wilson's name on Tappan Zee Bridge". Coloradoan. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  65. Wilson, David McKay (November 23, 2017). "Cuomo Bridge name opposition grows: Tax Watch". The Journal News. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  66. "Poll: Downstate residents dislike naming Tappan Zee bridge for Mario Cuomo". Capitol Confidential. July 11, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  67. "Tappan Zee Bridge gets new name: The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". Lohud/The Journal News. June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
  68. "Petition drive to change Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge back to the Tappan Zee". WABC-TV. November 14, 2017.
  69. Conley, Kirstan; Musumeci, Natalie (November 13, 2017). "Thousands sign petition to change Cuomo Bridge back to Tappan Zee". New York Post. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  70. "NY Has to Replace New Bridge Signs". August 15, 2019.
  71. Wilson, David McKay (December 6, 2017) "Tax Watch: Lawmaker plans bill to rename Cuomo Bridge as Tappan Zee Bridge" lohud.com
  72. "Daughter wants to keep Malcolm Wilson's name on Tappan Zee Bridge". Lohud. June 22, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  73. "Push to restore Tappan Zee Bridge name comes up short in Albany". The Journal News. June 21, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2019.

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