Tantalum(III) chloride

Tantalum(III) chloride
Names
	Other names tantalum trichloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13569-67-0;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	75412;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.611
EC Number	236-988-7;
PubChem CID	83582;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3065538 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3ClH.Ta/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: UDKRLEXYBPHRQF-UHFFFAOYSA-K;
	SMILES Cl[Ta](Cl)Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	Cl3Ta
Molar mass	287.30 g·mol−1
Appearance	black-green
Melting point	440 °C (824 °F; 713 K) decomposes[1]
Solubility in water	yes
Related compounds
Other anions	Tantalum(III) bromide Tantalum(III) iodide
Other cations	niobium(III) chloride
Related compounds	Ta6Cl15 Tantalum(IV) chloride Tantalum(V) chloride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	Infobox references

Tantalum(III) chloride or tantalum trichloride is a lower chloride of tantalum. Tantalum(III) chloride is non-stoichiometric with a range of composition from TaCl_2.9 to TaCl_3.1[2]

Formation

Tantalum(III) chloride is formed by reducing tantalum(V) chloride vapour with tantalum metal. this is done by heating tantalum(III) chloride to 305°C, passing the vapour over tantalum foil at 600°, and condensing the trichloride at 365°C. If the condensing region is kept at too high a temperature, then TaCl_2.5 deposits instead.[3]

When TaCl₄ is melted it is in equilibrium with TaCl₃ and TaCl₅. TaCl₅ can be vapourised leaving behind TaCl₃. However if TaCl₃ is heated to over 500°C it disproportionates further giving off more TaCl₅.[4]

Properties

TaCl₃ is insoluble in room temperature water, or dilute acid, but dissolves in boiling water. A blue-green solution is formed.[4]

Complexes

Tantalum(III) chloride can form complexes with some ligands as a monomer or dimer.

Complexes include Ta(=C-CMe₃)(PMe₃)₂Cl₃, [TaCl₃(P(CH₂C₆H₅)₃THF]₂μ-N₂ and [TaCl₃THF₂]₂μ-N₂ (dinitrogen complexes).[5]

As a dimer, complexes include Ta₂Cl₆(SC₄H₈)₃ (SC₄H₈=tetrahydrothiophene). Ta₂Cl₆(SMe₂)₃, Ta₂Cl₆(thiane)₃ and Ta₂Cl₆(thiolane)₃ have a double bond between the two tantalum atoms, and two bridging chlorides, and a bridging ligand.[6]

References

Haynes, William M. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97 ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-97. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3.
Cotton, F Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1966). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry A Comprehensive Text. John Wiley. p. 927.
Gutmann, Viktor (2012). Halogen Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-323-14847-4.
Remy, Heinrich (1963). Treatise on Inorganic Chemistry: Sub-groups of the periodic table and general topics. Elsevier Publishing Company. p. 115.
Churchill, Melvyn Rowen.; Wasserman, Harvey J. (January 1982). "The Ta(.mu.-N2)Ta system. 2. Crystal structure of [TaCl3(P(bz)3)(THF)]2(.mu.-N2)..apprx.0.7CH2Cl2. A binuclear di-imido complex of octahedral tantalum (V)". Inorganic Chemistry. 21 (1): 218–222. doi:10.1021/ic00131a040.
Matsuura, Masatoshi; Fujihara, Takashi; Kakeya, Masaki; Sugaya, Tomoaki; Nagasawa, Akira (November 2013). "Dinuclear niobium(III) and tantalum(III) complexes with thioether and selenoether ligands [{MIIIX2(L)}2(μ-X)2(μ-L)] (M = Nb, Ta; X = Cl, Br; L = R2S, R2Se): Syntheses, structures, and the optimal conditions and the mechanism of the catalysis for regioselective cyclotrimerization of alkynes". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 745-746: 288–298. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.035.

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[1] Haynes, William M. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97 ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-97. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3.

[2] Cotton, F Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1966). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry A Comprehensive Text. John Wiley. p. 927.

[3] Gutmann, Viktor (2012). Halogen Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-323-14847-4.

[rem-4] Remy, Heinrich (1963). Treatise on Inorganic Chemistry: Sub-groups of the periodic table and general topics. Elsevier Publishing Company. p. 115.

[5] Churchill, Melvyn Rowen.; Wasserman, Harvey J. (January 1982). "The Ta(.mu.-N2)Ta system. 2. Crystal structure of [TaCl3(P(bz)3)(THF)]2(.mu.-N2)..apprx.0.7CH2Cl2. A binuclear di-imido complex of octahedral tantalum (V)". Inorganic Chemistry. 21 (1): 218–222. doi:10.1021/ic00131a040.

[6] Matsuura, Masatoshi; Fujihara, Takashi; Kakeya, Masaki; Sugaya, Tomoaki; Nagasawa, Akira (November 2013). "Dinuclear niobium(III) and tantalum(III) complexes with thioether and selenoether ligands [{MIIIX2(L)}2(μ-X)2(μ-L)] (M = Nb, Ta; X = Cl, Br; L = R2S, R2Se): Syntheses, structures, and the optimal conditions and the mechanism of the catalysis for regioselective cyclotrimerization of alkynes". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 745-746: 288–298. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.035.