Tania Singer

Singer studied psychology at the Philipps University of Marburg from 1989 to 1992. From 1992 to 1996 she studied psychology, media psychology and media counseling at the Technical University of Berlin, graduating with a M.S. (German: Diplom) in 1996. She was a predoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin and received her Ph.D. from the Free University of Berlin in 2000, for which she was awarded the Otto Hahn Medal of the Max Planck Society.[6] She then continued to work at the Max Planck Institute as a research scientist at the Center for Lifespan Psychology until 2002.

After a period at the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience and then at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience in London, UK, she moved to the University of Zurich, Switzerland, as an assistant professor in 2006.[7] From 2007 to 2009, she was co-director of the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research and in 2008 was appointed to the Inaugural Chair of Social Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics at the University of Zurich. In 2010 she became Director at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany. Between 2011 and 2019, she held honorary professorships at the University of Leipzig and the Humboldt University, Berlin. She is also an honorary research fellow at the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research at the University of Zurich as well as honorary board member of Mind and Life Europe.[8] In 2019, she moved to Berlin as Scientific Head of the Social Neuroscience Lab.

Singer's work focuses on social cognition, social moral emotions such as empathy, compassion, envy and fairness, social decision making, and communication. She is interested in the determinants of cooperation and prosocial behavior as well as the breakdown of cooperation and the emergence of selfish behavior. Her research uses a range of methods including functional magnetic resonance imaging, virtual reality environments, biological markers such as cortisol, and behavioral studies.[1]

Singer was board member at the Mind and Life Institute as well as vice president and is now honorary board member of Mind and Life Europe.[8] In that context, she has worked with the French Buddhist monk Matthieu Ricard to investigate brain activity during meditation.[2] Together, they helped organize two large-scale Mind and Life Conferences with the Dalai Lama in 2010 in Zürich[9] and again in 2016 in Brussels.[10] Two books resulted from these two conferences:Caring Economics and Power and Care. Furthermore, Singer is author of more than 150 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters.

Singer founded and is principal investigator of the ReSource Project, a large-scale one-year longitudinal mental training study co-funded by the European Research Council since 2008.[11] This project investigates with a longitudinal design the long-term effects of different types of mental training ranging from practices based on mindfulness, compassion and perspective taking on well-being, brain plasticity, prosocial behavior, stress reduction, and health in more than 300 participants using 90 different measures. Until now more than 30 scientific papers have been published based on the data that have been assessed between 2013 and 2016.[12] Results show for example that mental training reduces social stress and has effects on changes in structural brain plasticity.[13]

Another research focus is on how social cognition and motivations can explain human social interaction and human economic decision making. The new research program on Caring Economics, co-funded by the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) between 2013 and 2017, in cooperation with Professor Dennis J. Snower, former president of the Kiel Institute of World Economy, explores new avenues of how psychological and neuroscientific knowledge about human motivation, emotion, and social cognition can inform models of economic decision making in addressing global economic problems.[1]

In a paper published in the journal Science in 2004, Singer showed that some pain-sensitive regions of the brain were also activated when volunteers experienced their partners feeling pain.[14] In follow-up studies, published in the journals Nature and Neuron, she showed that empathy-related brain responses are influenced by the perceived fairness of others, and whether a target belonged to an ingroup or outgroup, respectively.[15]

Based on earlier studies she did with Buddhist Monk Matthieu Ricard, she further showed that the neural circuits underlying empathic responses to the suffering of others (feeling with someone) are different from the neural networks underlying compassion (feeling concern for someone paired with a motivation to help). Whereas empathy is associated with negative emotions and can lead to burn-out if turning into empathic distress, compassion comes with positive feelings of care and warmth and can boost resilience in the face of suffering.[16][17]

Singer has also a long-standing interest in the cooperation between arts and science and for example worked together with the artist Olafur Eliasson in bringing about a multi-media, free-downloadable E-book Compassion: Bridging Practice and Science.[18]

In August 2018 Science Magazine reported that Singer bullied many of her employees.[19] Difficulties were brought up by team members during a meeting with the scientific advisory board in February 2017 as a part of the institute official evaluation. An internal investigation later confirmed the accusations raised by her former employees of bullying behavior, mistreatment of pregnant employees and also of significant failures in leadership. The press release of the Max Planck Society acknowledged that partial anonymity of the accusations was not lifted which “made it more difficult for the director to respond to the allegations". However, employees' names were known to the internal commission and evidence of bullying was brought for review to the investigation committee as well. They did not find evidence for scientific misconduct. In order to avoid a further escalation of the situation, Singer resigned from her director position in agreement with the Max Planck Society .[20] She is now Professor and scientific Head of the Social Neuroscience Lab of the Max Planck Society in Berlin.[21][22]

• 2000: Otto Hahn Medal of the Max Planck Society
• 2011: Honorary Research Fellow at the Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research at the University of Zurich, Switzerland
• Since 2014: Vicepresident of the Board, Mind & Life Europe, Zurich, Switzerland
• Since 2013: Member, Young Academy of Europe (YAE), Europa
• Since 2012: Board Member, Mind & Life Institute (MLI), Hadley, MA, USA
• Since 2011: Member, European Initiative for Integrative Psychological Science, Association for Psychological Science (APS)

A complete publication list of Tania Singer can be found on her website.[23]

• Singer, T. & Ricard, M. & Karius, K. (2019). Power and Care: Conversations toward balance for our common future - Science, society, and spirituality. New York: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262039529
• Singer, T. & Ricard, M. (2015). Caring economics: Conversations on altruism and compassion, between scientists, economists, and the Dalai Lama (pp.240). New York: Picador. ISBN 978-1250064127
• Singer, T. & Bolz, M. (2013). Compassion. Bridging Practice and Science. Max Planck Society. ISBN 978-3-9815612-1-0. E-Book

• Singer, T., & Engert, V. (2019). It matters what you practice: Differential training effects on subjective experience, behavior, brain and body in the ReSource Project. Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.005
• Engert, V., Kok, B. E., Papassotiriou, I., Chrousos, G. P., & Singer, T. (2017). Specific reduction in cortisol stress reactivity after social but not attention-based mental training. Science Advances, 3(10): e1700495. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700495
• Kok, B. E., & Singer, T. (2017). Effects of contemplative dyads on engagement and perceived social connectedness over 9 months of mental training: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3360
• Valk, S. L., Bernhardt, B. C., Trautwein, M., Böckler, A., Kanske, P., Guizard, N., Collins, D. L., & Singer, T. (2017). Structural plasticity of the social brain: Differential change after socio-affective and cognitive mental training. Science Advances, 3(10): e1700489. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700489
• Steinbeis, N., Bernhardt, B. C., & Singer, T. (2015). Age-related differences in function and structure of rSMG and reduced functional connectivity with DLPFC explains heightened emotional egocentricity bias in childhood. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(2), 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu057
• Singer, T. (2012). The past, present and future of social neuroscience: A European perspective. NeuroImage, 61 (2), 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.109.
• Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. NeuroImage, 54 (3), 2492–2502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014.
• Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others. Nature, 439, 466–469. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04271.
• Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004). Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 303 (5661), 1157–1162. https://doi/10.1126/science.1093535.

• Tania singer’s homepage of the Social Neuroscience Lab in Berlin
• Website on the ReSource Project, a longitudinal study on mental training
• Website on the research topic "Caring Economics" together with Prof. Dennis J. Snower
• Website with download link on the free eBook "Compassion. Bridging Practice and Science"