TXNRD1

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene.[5]

TXNRD1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2CFY, 2J3N, 2ZZ0, 2ZZB, 2ZZC, 3QFA, 3QFB
Identifiers
Aliases	TXNRD1, GRIM-12, TR, TR1, TRXR1, TXNR, thioredoxin reductase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601112 MGI: 1354175 HomoloGene: 55733 GeneCards: TXNRD1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q23.3 Start 104,215,779 bp[1] End 104,350,307 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 C1 Start 82,833,951 bp[2] End 82,897,712 bp[2]
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity • methylselenol reductase activity • flavin adenine dinucleotide binding • methylseleninic acid reductase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • electron transfer activity • oxidoreductase activity • oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor • thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • extracellular exosome • cell nucleus • fibrillar center • nucleoplasm • mitochondrion • cytosol Biological process • nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion • selenium compound metabolic process • oxidation-reduction process • signal transduction • cellular oxidant detoxification • response to oxygen radical • cell redox homeostasis • regulation of lipid metabolic process • cellular response to oxidative stress • mesoderm formation • gastrulation • cellular proliferation • electron transport chain Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7296	50493
Ensembl	ENSG00000198431	ENSMUSG00000020250
UniProt	Q16881	Q9JMH6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_182743 NM_001093771 NM_001261445 NM_001261446 NM_003330 NM_182729 NM_182742	NM_001042513 NM_001042514 NM_001042523 NM_015762
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001087240 NP_001248374 NP_001248375 NP_003321 NP_877393 NP_877419 NP_877420	NP_001035978 NP_001035979 NP_001035988 NP_056577
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 104.22 – 104.35 Mb	Chr 10: 82.83 – 82.9 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms.[6]