Swimming at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 1960 Olympic Games took place between August 26 and 27.[1]
Men's 100 metre freestyle at the Games of the XVII Olympiad | |||||||||||||
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Venue | Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto | ||||||||||||
Date | August 26, 1960 {heats & semifinals) August 27, 1960 (final) | ||||||||||||
Competitors | 51 from 34 nations | ||||||||||||
Winning time | 55.2 | ||||||||||||
Medalists | |||||||||||||
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Swimming at the 1960 Summer Olympics | ||
---|---|---|
Freestyle | ||
100 m | men | women |
400 m | men | women |
1500 m | men | |
Backstroke | ||
100 m | men | women |
Breaststroke | ||
200 m | men | women |
Butterfly | ||
100 m | women | |
200 m | men | |
Freestyle relay | ||
4×100 m | women | |
4×200 m | men | |
Medley relay | ||
4×100 m | men | women |
Controversy
Results were decided by finish judges who relied on their eyes and did not use replays. Three judges were assigned to each finishing position. There were three official timers in 1960 for each lane and swimmer, all timing by hand. All three timers for Devitt, in lane three, timed him in 55.2 seconds. The three timers for lane four timed Lance Larson in 55.0, 55.1, and 55.1 seconds.[2]
Former Olympic swimmer and FINA co-founder Max Ritter inspected the judge's scorecards. Two of the three first-place judges found that Devitt had finished first and the third found for Larson. Of the three-second-place judges, two found that Devitt finished second and one found that Larson was second. Ritter pointed out to chief judge Henry Runströmer of Sweden that the scorecards indicated a tie. Runstrümer cast the deciding vote and declared Devitt the winner. However, the rules at that time did not provide for the chief judge to have a vote or give him the right to break ties.[3] Ties were supposed to be broken by referring to the timing machine. The official results placed Devitt first and Larson second, both with the identical time of 55.2 seconds.[4] The United States team appealed, bolstered by videotaped footage of the finish that appeared to show Larson the winner.[5] The appeal jury, headed by Jan de Vries, also the President of FINA in 1960, rejected the appeal, keeping Devitt the winner.[6] This controversy would pave the way for electronic touchpads to be included in swimming events to determine finish and accurate timing.
Competition format
The competition used a three-round (heats, semifinals, final) format. The advancement rule followed the format introduced in 1952. A swimmer's place in the heat was not used to determine advancement; instead, the fastest times from across all heats in a round were used. There were 7 heats of between 6 and 8 swimmers each. The top 24 swimmers advanced to the semifinals. There were 3 semifinals of 8 swimmers each. The top 8 swimmers advanced to the final. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties.
This swimming event used freestyle swimming, which means that the method of the stroke is not regulated (unlike backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly events). Nearly all swimmers use the front crawl or a variant of that stroke. Because an Olympic size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
Results
Heats
Seven heats were held; the swimmers with the fastest 24 times advanced to the semifinals. Those that advanced are highlighted. This round took place on August 26.
Semifinals
Three semifinal races were held; the fastest eight swimmers advanced to the Final. The athletes that advanced are highlighted. The semifinals were held on August 26.
Rank | Heat | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Lance Larson | 55.5 | Q | |
2 | 1 | Bruce Hunter | 55.7 | Q | |
3 | 2 | John Devitt | 55.8 | Q | |
4 | 3 | Gyula Dobay | 56.3 | Q | |
3 | Manuel dos Santos Filho | 56.3 | Q | ||
6 | 3 | Per-Ola Lindberg | 56.4 | Q | |
7 | 1 | Aubrey Bürer | 56.5 | Q | |
2 | Dick Pound | 56.5 | Q | ||
9 | 3 | Karri Käyhkö | 56.6 | ||
10 | 2 | Andrzej Salamon | 56.9 | ||
11 | 1 | Keigo Shimizu | 57.1 | ||
12 | 2 | Jon Henricks | 57.2 | ||
13 | 2 | Uwe Jacobsen | 57.4 | ||
14 | 1 | Igor Luzhkovsky | 57.5 | ||
15 | 3 | Bernard Aluchna | 57.8 | ||
3 | Katsuki Ishihara | 57.8 | |||
17 | 3 | Ron Kroon | 57.9 | ||
18 | 1 | Cam Grout | 58.0 | ||
2 | László Lantos | 58.0 | |||
20 | 3 | Ezio Della Savia | 58.4 | ||
1 | Paul Voell | 58.4 | |||
22 | 1 | Alain Gottvallès | 58.5 | ||
23 | 2 | Vitaly Sorokin | 58.7 | ||
24 | 2 | Jorge Escalante | 59.0 |
Final
The Final was held on August 27.
Rank | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
John Devitt | 55.2 | OR | ||
Lance Larson | 55.2 | OR | ||
Manuel dos Santos | 55.4 | |||
4 | Bruce Hunter | 55.6 | ||
5 | Gyula Dobay | 56.3 | ||
6 | Dick Pound | 56.3 | ||
7 | Aubrey Bürer | 56.3 | ||
8 | Per-Ola Lindberg | 57.1 |
References
- "Swimming at the 1960 Rome Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Freestyle". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- David Maraniss, Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World, Simon & Schuster, New York City, p. 130 (2008).
- Maraniss, Rome 1960 p. 132
- Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 131
- Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 137
- Maraniss, Rome 1960, p. 138