Superparasitism

Superparasitism is a form of parasitism in which the host (typically an insect larva such as a caterpillar) is attacked more than once by a single species of parasitoid. Multiparasitism or coinfection, on the other hand, occurs when the host has been parasitized by more than one species.[1] Host discrimination, whereby parasitoids can identify a host with parasites from an unparasitized host, is present in certain species of parasitoids and is used to avoid superparasitism and thus competition from other parasites.[2]

References
  1. R. C. Fisher (1 June 1961). "A Study in Insect Multiparasitism: I. Host Selection and Oviposition" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 38 (2): 267–275.
  2. Bakker, K.; van Alphen, J. J. M.; van Batenburg, F. H. D.; van der Hoeven, N.; Nell, H. W.; van Strien-van Liempt, W. T. F. H.; Turlings, T. C. J. (1985-12-01). "The function of host discrimination and superparasitization in parasitoids". Oecologia. 67 (4): 572–576. Bibcode:1985Oecol..67..572B. doi:10.1007/BF00790029. ISSN 1432-1939. PMID 28311043.
  3. Boyce, A.M. (December 1929). "The Walnut Husk Fly (Rhagoletis juglandis Cresson)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 22: 861–866.


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