Steven Salaita

Steven Salaita (born 1975) is an American scholar, author and public speaker formerly holding the Edward W. Said Chair of American Studies at the American University of Beirut. He became the center of a controversy when University of Illinois withdrew its conditional offer of employment as a professor of American Indian Studies[1][2][3] following university donor objections to a series of tweets critical of Israel and of Zionism.[1][4]

As a result of his outspoken critique of the university's handling of his situation, Haaretz wrote that Salaita has established "celebrity status on the lecture circuit" for his talk "Silencing Dissent".[5]

Early life and education

Salaita was born in Bluefield, West Virginia on September 15, 1975,[6] to Hispanic and Arab immigrant parents. His mother was born and raised in Nicaragua by Palestinian parents who originated in Beit Jala.[7] He describes his own ethnic background as both Jordanian and Palestinian. Salaita's father was from Madaba, Jordan.[8] His maternal grandmother lost her home in Ayn Karim outside of Jerusalem in 1948.[9]

Salaita received his B.A. in political science from Radford University in 1997 and his M.A. in English from Radford in 1999. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Oklahoma in Native American studies with a literature emphasis.[10]

Career

Following completion of his Ph.D., Salaita became an assistant professor of English at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, where he taught American and ethnic American literature until 2006. He was then hired as associate professor of English at Virginia Tech, and received tenure three years later. In addition to teaching English courses, Salaita wrote about themes of immigration, indigenous peoples, dislocation, race, ethnicity and multi-culturalism.[11] Michael Hiltzik of the Los Angeles Times refers to him as a "respected scholar in American Indian studies and Israeli-Arab relations."[12]

Salaita won a 2007 Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award for writing the book Anti-Arab Racism in the USA: Where It Comes from and What it Means for Politics Today. The Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights recognized Salaita's book as one that extends "our understanding of the root causes of bigotry and the range of options we as humans have in constructing alternative ways to share power." Miriam Cooke, professor at Duke University, described the book as "a sobering analysis of anti-Arab racism, from neo-conservative to liberal, rooted in America's settler colonial past and seeping into every corner of our lives. Steven Salaita takes the reader into the crisis of Arab-American communities in the wake of September 11. Written with passion, this lucid account of the dangers of American imperialism paints a dark picture of the agenda of the Bush administration not only in the Arab world but also for people of color at home."[13]

Sinan Antoon, assistant professor at New York University, reviewed Salaita's book, The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan, published in 2006. He found the author's comparative approach to Palestinian and Native American writers and the influence of politics on their production "refreshing". He found the strongest chapter to be the one devoted to Salaita's personal experience of spending the summer of 2002 in the Shatila refugee camp, where he introduced Native American studies to the residents and developed perspectives on how "alternative narratives can broaden the consciousness of decolonial advocates." Antoon notes that Salaita limited his scope to prose and limited Palestinian literature to English translations.[14]

In 2013 Salaita was invited to interview for an academic appointment with the AIS program (American Indian Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). There were 80 applicants and Salaita was one of six invited to campus. He was the unanimous choice of the faculty to fill the position. Professor Robert Allen Warrior, AIS director, wrote that Salaita's "fresh and compelling contributions to the intellectual project of a critique of the concept of indigeneity, which is ... the core of what has made us an international leader in our field", and argued that Salaita's contribution would allow the department to "engage with the broader implications of comparative indigeneity within and beyond the scope of US imperialism and militarism in North America and the Pacific to include the Middle East." Warrior had worked with Salaita previously, as a member of his doctoral committee.[15]

Dr. Reginald Alston, associate chancellor, wrote of Salaita's candidacy: "The uniqueness of his scholarship on the intersection of American Indian, Palestinian, and American Palestinian experiences presents a rare opportunity to add an esoteric perspective on indigeneity to our cultural studies programs on campus.... I support offering Dr. Salaita a tenured position because of the obvious intellectual value that his scholarship and background would bring to our campus. His presence would elevate AIS internationally and convey Illinois' commitment to maintaining a leading academic program on the historical and sociopolitical intricacies of American Indian culture." Salaita was then offered the tenured position;[16] the university later withdrew its offer, as detailed below.

In July 2015 Salaita announced he had accepted the offer of the Edward W. Said Chair of American Studies at the American University of Beirut, and would begin his assignment in the fall of 2015.[17] Salaita's position at the University of Beirut was not renewed due to some inconsistencies in his hiring. The university stated it was due to "procedural irregularities".[18]

In 2017, Salaita announced that he is leaving academia because no institution will hire him for full time work.[19] As of February 2019, he is a school bus driver in suburban Washington, D.C.[20]

Controversies

Virginia Tech "Support our Troops" controversy

While teaching at Virginia Tech in 2013 Salaita became the center of controversy after writing an article in which he explained his refusal to endorse the "Support our Troops" slogan.[21][22] Salaita stated that "In recent years I've grown fatigued of appeals on behalf of the troops, which intensify in proportion to the belligerence or potential unpopularity of the imperial adventure du jour". He criticized what he called "unthinking patriotism".[23]

There was varied reaction to the article, with some people calling for his firing, criticizing the university and some calling for deportation or death on social media. A university spokesman, Lawrence G. Hincker, Associate Vice President for University Relations, said that the university supported Salaita's freedom of speech, but added: "While our assistant professor may have a megaphone on salon.com, his opinions not only do not reflect institutional position, we are confident they do not remotely reflect the collective opinion of the greater university community". Almost 40 Virginia Tech professors signed a letter protesting Hincker's comments in a letter to the student newspaper, the Collegiate Times. Faculty members criticized the university's statement as "wholly unsatisfactory" and "placing in doubt its commitment to academic freedom."[24]

Commenting on Salaita's views and the surrounding controversy, Greg Scholtz, of the American Association of University Professors, noted: "Upholding academic freedom can be a difficult and even embarrassing thing for universities. But we find that the most reputable institutions give the most latitude."[22]

University of Illinois hiring controversy

The Steven Salaita controversy refers to the debate and consequences which ensued after Phyllis M. Wise, then-Chancellor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, withdrew a conditional offer of employment to Salaita, after reviewing tweets that had appeared on Salaita's Twitter account, after a campaign by pro-Israel students, faculty, and donors who deemed his comments anti-Semitic.[25][26]

Salaita had resigned his position at Virginia Tech in preparation to move to Illinois, but had not begun teaching, and his employment offer had not yet been formally approved by the university Board of Trustees.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

At the University of Illinois, each new employment candidate receives a letter containing a "Conditional Offer of Employment" which makes clear that employment offers are not official until approved by the Board, and when the Board voted on the Salaita hiring, it voted to support Chancellor Wise and reject Salaita as a faculty member.[37]

Salaita fought the decision, arguing the original conditional offer was in fact a legal offer of employment, and declaring infringement on his academic freedom, insisting the university follow through on its original plan to hire him, rather than offer a financial settlement.[38][39][40]

In August 2015, Wise was found to have used her personal email account to discuss certain aspects of the Salaita case with others.[41]

Illinois' Freedom of Information Act states that with certain exceptions, any email of a state official where state business is discussed is a public document. It is not illegal to discuss state business in a personal email account but makes personal email account(s) subject to inspection by the university's FOIA Office.

Shortly after Wise's resignation, 41 department heads, chairs and directors published an open letter calling on Acting Chancellor Barbara Wilson and President Timothy Killeen to call for the reinstatement of Salaita at the September 2015 board meeting.[42][43][44][45][46][47] The Salaita case garnered national attention on academic freedom for faculty.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54]

As a result of this controversy, the university was censured by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP),[55] and finally awarded Salaita in excess of $800,000 in a settlement.[56]

Salaita wrote about his experience in his book Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine, where he engaged with the controversy from the perspective of decolonizing academic scholarship. He writes of boycotting Israel in the academic arena, and further participates in this agenda through the organization USACBI.[57]

Books

  • Anti-Arab Racism in the USA: Where it Comes From and What it Means for Politics (2006) – Winner of 2007 Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights' "Outstanding Book" Award.[13]
  • The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan (2006)
  • Arab American Literary Fictions Cultures and Politics (2007)
  • The Uncultured Wars (2008)
  • Modern Arab American Fiction: A Reader's Guide (2011)
  • Israel's Dead Soul (2011)
  • Uncivil Rites (2015)
  • Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine (2016)

References

  1. Alexander, Neta (January 30, 2015). "Anti-Israel professor sues University of Illinois for rescinding job offer". Haaretz. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  2. Cohen, Jodi (September 11, 2014). "U. of I. trustees vote 8–1 to reject Salaita". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  3. Manchir, Michelle (January 28, 2015). "Steven Salaita sues U. of I. over lost job". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  4. Nelson, Cary (August 8, 2014). "An Appointment to Reject". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  5. Alexander, Netta (December 5, 2014). "'I am no anti-Semite' says Steven Salaita, lecturer-cum celeb who was fired for tweeting". Haaretz. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  6. "Steven Salaita author profile". Goodreads. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  7. Steven Salaita, Israel's Dead Soul, Temple University Press (2012), p. 111.
  8. Erakat, Noura. "Interview with Steven Salaita on the ASA Academic Boycott". Jadaliyya. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  9. Salaita, Steven (December 4, 2013). "Academics should boycott Israel". Slate. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  10. AAUP report: Academic Freedom and Tenure: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, April 2015, p. 6
  11. Christine Des Garennes; Julie Wurth (September 7, 2014). "'Who is Steven Salaita?'". The News-Gazette. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois.
  12. Michael Hiltzik (August 11, 2014). "Is US academic freedom a casualty of the Israeli-Palestinian debate?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  13. "Salaita pens award-winning book on anti-Arab racism". Virginia Tech News. February 15, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  14. Antoon, Sinan (Autumn 2010). ""The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan," by Steven Salaita". Journal of Palestine Studies. 40 (1): 103–04. doi:10.1525/jps.2010.xl.1.103. JSTOR 10.1525/jps.2010.XL.1.103.
  15. "Information to Users" (PDF). Shareok.org. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  16. "Academic Freedom and Tenure: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign". American Association of University Professors. April 2015. p. 6. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  17. "Professor fired for anti-Israel tweets finds work in Beirut's American University". Haaretz. JTA. July 4, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  18. "Reports circulate that American of Beirut has blocked a permanent appointment". Insidehighered.com. April 14, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  19. Korth, Robby. "Embattled Virginia Tech ex-professor Salaita to leave academia." roanoke.com. 25 July 2017.
  20. Pettit, Emma (February 19, 2019). "'Ousted' From Academe, Steven Salaita Says He's Driving a School Bus to Make Ends Meet". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  21. Salaita, Steven (August 25, 2013). "No, thanks: Stop saying "support the troops"". Salon. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  22. "Va. Tech Professor's Military Op-Ed Sparks Outcry". CBSlocal.com. August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  23. Salaita, Steven, "No, thanks: Stop saying 'support the troops'," Salon.com, August 25, 2013.
  24. Schmidt, Peter (November 20, 2013). "Virginia Tech Professors Fault University Over Tepid Defense of Colleague". Chronicle of Higher Education.
  25. "Professor's Angry Tweets on Gaza Cost Him a Job". September 12, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  26. "Tweets Cost a Professor His Tenure, and That's a Good Thing". tabletmag.com. August 29, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  27. "Updated: UI trustees reject Salaita". Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  28. "Whether you fire him or not, condemn Salaita's words". Jewishjournal.com. September 2, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  29. "Guardian 'forgets' to mention Steven Salaita's most hateful Tweets". Ukmediawatch.org. September 10, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  30. "Forget Steven Salaita's Tweets; Read His Hateful Academic Work". Tabletmag.com. September 5, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  31. "Salaita prompted donors' fury". The News-Gazette. Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. September 2, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  32. "Emails to Chancellor Wise" (PDF). News-Gazette. September 3, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  33. Salaita prompted donors' fury, News-Gazette.com, September 2, 2014.
  34. "U. of Illinois officials defend decision to deny job to scholar; documents show lobbying against him". InsideHigherEd. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  35. "Reading the Salaita Papers". Coreyrobin.com. September 2, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  36. Archived September 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  37. "U. Illinois board votes 'No' on Salaita appointment". insidehighered.com. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  38. "AAUP Letter to Chancellor Wise" (PDF). American Association of Union Professors. August 29, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  39. "Letter to the Chancellor of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign". Mla.org. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  40. "Letter of Concern to University of Illinois Chancellor Regarding Salaita Case (2014)". Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  41. "University of Illinois OKs $875,000 settlement to end Steven Salaita dispute". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  42. Joseph Steinberg (November 13, 2015). "How a Single Social Media Blunder Cost a University $2 Million". Inc. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  43. Svoboda, Abigale (November 12, 2015). "Salaita, University reach settlement". dailyillini.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  44. "Censure List". AAUP. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  45. The Electronic Intifada. "After Salaita firing, Univ. of Illinois struggling to hire faculty". The Electronic Intifada. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  46. , The Academe Blog, August 23, 2015.
  47. "Supplemental Release". University of Illinois. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on August 24, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  48. "Over 5000 Scholars Boycotting the UIUC". Coreyrobin.com. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  49. Sydni Dunn (August 31, 2014). "University's Rescinding of Job Offer Prompts an Outcry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  50. "University of Illinois Repeals the First Amendment for Its Faculty". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  51. "University Of Illinois Professor Apparently Loses Job Over Anti-Israel Tweets". The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  52. David Palumbo-Liu. "Return of the blacklist? Cowardice and censorship at the University of Illinois". salon.com. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  53. "Why the 'Unhiring' of Steven Salaita Is a Threat to Academic Freedom". thenation.com. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  54. "Court sides with Salaita on release of documents". Daily Illini. Archived from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
  55. "Academic Freedom and Tenure: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign". AAUP. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  56. "The University of Illinois Reaches Settlement With Professor Steven Salaita". The Atlantic. November 12, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  57. Salaita, Steven (2016). Inter/Nationalism: Decolonizing Native America and Palestine. University of Minnesota Press.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.