Stanley L. Wood

Wood's Birth Certificate shows that he was born in Christchurch, Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, on 10 December 1866.[note 1] His parents were Stanley James Wood (c. 1839 – 27 May 1877), a cement manufacturer and entrepreneur, and Charlotte Atkins (c. 1839 – ). Wood's father was declared bankrupt in 1861,[1] and was before the bankruptcy court again in 1869.[2][3] Wood was the last of five children, and the only boy.

In 1873, George Grant,[note 2][4][5][6] a Scottish silk merchant in London bought some 77 square miles of land in Kansas and proposed to set up an English colony there which he called Victoria.[7] Wood's father sunk his money into the scheme and the family travelled to Kansas in 1873, when Wood was five or six years old. Grant had made him commissioner of streets in Victoria as an inducement.[6]

When the family arrived in Victoria they found, not the bustling colony they had been promised, but a single two-storey stone building, the railway station, which also functioned as a hotel. Many of the other colonists were young men who were on allowance from their families, and were more intent on enjoying themselves than farming. The family found the carousing of the young men, and of the local cowboys, was intolerable and fled to Kansas City, with the very last of their money. Wood's father got a job with the Union Pacific land department at Lawrence, Kansas and the family moved and the children attended school there.[6]

However, their hardships were not over. Still seeking his fortune, Woods' father left his job in Lawrence and began to travel around Kansas demonstrating a patent well-digging auger. He was demonstrating the auger at a farm near Wichita, Kansas on 27 May 1877, when he experience some symptoms that made him rush to the doctor's office. He died in the doctor's office at 4pm, just as they began to try and treat him.[8] The family's troubles were not over though. They were living in a ranch-house outside the town where the former occupants were buried in the garden after being killed in an Indian raid. The new widow was horrified to find one night that a party of Indians had surrounded the house and she had the children put on boots and clump around and bang doors so that those outside would thing there was a part of cowboys in the house.[9] The family immediately returned to England, although Wood visited Lawrence several times in later life, and his mother visited at least once.[6]

The 1881 census found the family at 4 Mornington street, apart from the eldest Amy Phoebe (Oct 1860- – 1902).[note 3] Wood's second eldest sister Jessie M. was an artist's apprentice at the time. She later travelled to New York to work for the Redfern fashion house as a designer. Eventually she became the drama critic of the New York Journal at a salary of $250 a week, and illustrated her reviews with her own illustrations.[6]

The 1891 census found Wood at the same address, but this time all of his sisters had left. He now recorded his profession as artist, but it is not clear what formal training he had had. He was an accomplished artist, having work accepted by the Royal Academy up to 1905, as follows:[10]

• 1892. 361 Royal Horse Artillery going into action, Afghan Campaign.
• 1894. 391 A battle incident, horse artillery going in under fire.
• 1895. 107 Halting the battery, Horse Artillery coming into position.
• 1897. 1009 A surrender under protest, an incident in the Matabele war.
• 1903. 574 A bucking broncho, souvenir of Texas.

Kirkpatrick states that Wood's first illustration work was The Tales of The Spanish Boccaccio: Count Lucanor: Or the Fifty Pleasant Stories of Patronio translated by James York from the original by Prince Don Juan Manuel published in 1888 by Pickering & Chatto.[11] The illustration of this book, as on some others he did, was attributed to S. L. Wood, rather than Stanley L. Wood.[12] His next book was The Arabian Nights Entertainments "Aldine" Edition, from the text Of Dr. Jonathan Scott. This consisted of four large 600 page volumes. It was also published by Pickering & Chatto and cost the magnificent sum of 24 shillings. The Times said that "With one or two possible exceptions, the illustrations are fair in themselves and unimpeachable in treatment".[13][note 4]

Wood's first two books were for Pickering & Chatto which Andrew Chatto (1841–1913) owned, but Chatto moved the publishing work to Chatto & Windus. Houfe notes that Wood was "employed almost continuously by Messrs Chatto's as an illustrator of boys' adventure stories".[14] The Illustrated London News sent Wood to South Dakota in 1888 where he was able to build on his juvenile experience of the American Old West way of life and for many years produced work with a cowboy and Indian flavour. Harper's published a number of his illustrations. The book-dealer and founding member of the Potomac Corral, Jefferson Chenoweth Dykes better known as Jeff Dykes (-1989), wrote in Fifty Great Western Illustrators - "No better horse artist ever lived than Stanley L. Wood - there was more action in a Stanley Wood illustration than in the story itself".[15]

Peppin and Micklethwait say of Wood that: "Most of Wood's illustrations are wash drawings; his emphatic tonal contrasts reproduced well in the halftone process and he was noted for his vigorous, dramatic style and for the authenticity of his American ‘frontier' backgrounds."[16] Newbolt refers to Wood's illustrations for the works of G. A. Henty being "in his characteristic vigorous style". Thorpe says that Wood "anticipated the 'headlong dash' and wild west thrillers of the modern films".[17][note 5]

His illustrations often appeared in early issues of Pearson's Magazine and covered a wide range of genres; notably, he illustrated George Griffith's Stories of Other Worlds (1900-1901), early science fiction.

His many Africana illustrations included those for the books of Bertram Mitford (1855–1914) - The Gun Runner (1893), The Luck of Gerald Ridgeley (1894), The Curse of Clement Wayneflete (1894), Renshaw Fanning's Quest (1894), The King's Assegai (1894), A Veldt Official (1895) and The Expiation of Wynne Palisser (1896).

In 1900, he did 100 illustrations for an American edition of Richard Burton's The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night.

His illustrations of the Anglo-Boer War appeared in Black & White and Black & White Budget. He worked for War Illustrated during World War I.

Marie Connor and her husband [[Robert Leighton wrote Convict 99. A true story of penal servitude in 1898. Sutherland describes this as: "a powerful anti-prison tract which became their best-known work".[18] The story was published first as a serial in Answers one of the publications produced by Alfred Harmsworth (1865 – 1922),[note 6] for whom both Connor and Leighton worked. Kemp et al. say that Convict 99 was Connor's greatest success.[19] Wood drew eight illustration of the publication. Those shown below are from the on-line copy at The British Library.[20]

• 
  Page 076
• 
  Page 123
• 
  Page 124
• 
  Page 152
• 
  Page 214
• 
  Page 232
• 
  Page 252
• 
  Page 278

Wood married Mary Elizabeth Jenkins (C. 1876 – 1950), the daughter of tailor George Simpson Jenkins at St Dionis Church, Parsons Green, Fulham, London on 21 February 1899. Wood died at home on 1 March 1928, having been ill for some time.[21]His estate was valued at £114 15s, a pitiable small amount after so many years of work.[21] He was survived by his wife and three sons.[21]

• Artists and Illustrators of the Anglo-Boer War - Ryno Greenwall (Fernwood Press 1992)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stanley L. Wood.

• Works by Stanley L. Wood at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Stanley L. Wood at Internet Archive