Spotsylvania Court House Union order of battle
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the casualty returns[1] and the reports.[2][3]
Abbreviations used
Military rank
- LTG = Lieutenant General
- MG = Major General
- BG = Brigadier General
- Col = Colonel
- Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
- Maj = Major
- Cpt = Captain
Forces operating against Richmond May 8–16, 1864
LTG Ulysses S. Grant, General-in-Chief, Union armies
Escort:
- 5th United States Cavalry, Companies B, F and K
IX Corps
MG Ambrose E. Burnside[4]
- Chief of Staff: MG John G. Parke
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
| 1st Brigade
|
||
| 2nd Brigade
|
||
| Artillery |
| |
|
Reporting directly |
Provost Guard | |
| Cavalry |
| |
| Artillery Reserve[15]
|
| |
| Provisional Brigade[16]
|
|
Army of the Potomac
General Staff:
- Chief of Staff: MG Andrew A. Humphreys
- Assistant Adjutant General: BG Seth Williams
- Chief Quartermaster: BG Rufus Ingalls
General Headquarters:
Provost Guard: BG Marsena R. Patrick
- 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D
- 80th New York (20th Militia)
- 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry
- 68th Pennsylvania
- 114th Pennsylvania
Engineer Troops:
- 50th New York Engineers
- Battalion United States Engineers
Guards and Orderlies:
- Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cavalry
II Corps
Escort:
- 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade[18]
|
||
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| Provost Guard | ||
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
|
Fourth Division[23]
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| Artillery Brigade
|
|
V Corps
Provost Guard:
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| 3rd Brigade |
| |
|
Second Division[26]
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 1st Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
||
|
Fourth Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery Brigade |
|
VI Corps
MG John Sedgwick (k)
BG Horatio G. Wright
Escort:
- 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade |
| |
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery Brigade
|
|
Cavalry Corps
MG Philip H. Sheridan[33]
Escort:
- 6th United States
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade | |
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Reserve Brigade
|
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 1st Brigade Horse Artillery
|
|
Artillery
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
Artillery Reserve[37]
|
1st Brigade[38] |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
||
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery
|
| |
| Artillery Park |
|
Forces operating against Richmond May 17–21, 1864
LTG Ulysses S. Grant, General-in-Chief, Union armies
Escort:
- 5th United States Cavalry, Companies B, F and K
IX Corps
MG Ambrose E. Burnside[4]
- Chief of Staff: MG John G. Parke
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Provisional Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
| 1st Brigade
|
||
| 2nd Brigade
|
||
| Artillery |
| |
|
Reporting directly |
Provost Guard | |
| Cavalry |
|
Army of the Potomac
General Staff:
- Chief of Staff: MG Andrew A. Humphreys
- Assistant Adjutant General: BG Seth Williams
- Chief Quartermaster: BG Rufus Ingalls
General Headquarters:
Provost Guard: BG Marsena R. Patrick
- 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies C and D
- 80th New York (20th Militia)
- 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry
- 68th Pennsylvania
- 114th Pennsylvania
Engineer Troops:
- 50th New York Engineers
- Battalion United States Engineers
Guards and Orderlies:
- Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cavalry
II Corps
Escort:
- 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade[18]
|
||
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 4th Brigade[41]
|
| |
| Provost Guard |
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 4th Brigade |
| |
|
Fourth Division[43]
|
no brigade organization |
|
| Artillery Brigade
|
|
V Corps
Provost Guard:
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| 3rd Brigade |
| |
| 1st Brigade
|
| |
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
||
|
Fourth Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
| Provost Guard | ||
|
Reporting directly |
Heavy Artillery Brigade |
|
| Maryland Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery Brigade |
|
VI Corps
BG Horatio G. Wright
Escort:
- 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
First Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade |
| |
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Second Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade |
| |
| 4th Brigade
|
| |
|
Third Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery Brigade
|
|
Cavalry
| Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|
| Torbert's Command |
|
Artillery
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
|
Artillery
|
2nd Brigade Horse Artillery
|
|
| Artillery Park |
|
Notes
- Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 136–153
- Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 1162–1168
- Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the battle or the campaign.
- The IX Corps was under the direct orders of Lieutenant General Grant until May 24, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 169)
- Assumed command May 12, 1864
- Disabled by sickness May 8, 1864
- Assumed command May 13, 1864
- Commanded the division May 10–12, 1864; disabled by sickness May 14, 1864
- Injured May 11, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- 1st and 2nd Companies Michigan Sharpshooters attached
- Disabled from command May 11, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- Left army May 13, 1864
- 9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached
- In reserve guarding trains
- Not engaged; ordered to Washington May 16, 1864
- Discontinued as an unattached command and assigned to the First Division May 12, 1864
- Joined army May 15, 1864
- 57th New York was on provost duty at Fredericksburg
- Relieved for drunkenness on May 10, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- Assigned May 10, 1864; captured May 12, 1864
- Detachment 7th New York attached
- Relieved for drunkenness on May 12, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- Assigned as the Third and Fourth Brigades of the Third Division May 13, Mott taking command of the former and Brewster of the latter brigade (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, pages 709 and 711)
- 2nd Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached
- Brady's Company Michigan Sharpshooters attached
- Robinson was wounded on May 8, 1864. On May 9, 1864 the division was temporarily disbanded, the First Brigade being attached to the Fourth Division, and the Second to the Third Division; the Third Brigade served as an independent command under direct orders of the corps commander. This arrangement continued till May 30, 1864.
- Joined May 16, 1864
- Coulter assumed command of the division and Bates of the brigade May 8, 1864. The former returned to the brigade May 9, 1864
- Left army May 15, 1864
- Provost guard of division from May 11, 1864
- Joined May 14, 1864
- Assumed command May 14, 1864
- Cavalry Corps absent on expedition toward Richmond from May 9, 1864
- Detached from Cavalry Corps and left at Spotsylvania Court House during Richmond Raid. (see: Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- Chief of Artillery to the whole Army
- 1st Brigade Horse Artillery detached with Cavalry Corps; 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery attached to the Artillery Reserve (see: Hunt's report)
- Disbanded and distributed among the infantry corps May 16, 1864
- Transferred to V Corps on May 13, 1864
- Assigned to command Third Brigade, Second Division, May 17, 1864
- Joined May 19, 1864
- Joined May 17, 1864
- Assigned May 18, 1864
- Joined May 18 and 19, 1864
- Transferred from Artillery Reserve May 16, 1864
- Assumed command May 18, 1864
- Relieved May 21, 1864
- Left army May 21, 1864 (see: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center - 84th Infantry Regiment)
- Sent to Washington D.C. May 19, 1864
- Joined May 21, 1864 (see: Upton's report; Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, The Order of Battle)
- Rejoined the army on May 16, 1864, and assumed command of all the cavalry (see: Torbert's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, pages 851-852; Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, page 192)
- 1st Brigade Horse Artillery detached with Cavalry Corps; 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery stayed with the Army in Reserve (see: Hunt's report)
- Attached to Torbert's Command (see: Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, page 192)
References
- Rhea, Gordon C. The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8071-3067-2
- Rhea, Gordon C. To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8071-3111-3
- U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
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