Sport in rural and regional Australia

Sport plays an important role in rural and regional Australia. Sport has been found to contribute to community identity, sense of place, social interaction and better health.[1] Rural and regional Australian towns and cities are increasingly hosting sporting events that provide an economic stimulus and a sense of pride. These towns and cities have also developed many of Australia's elite athletes due to their unique social environment.

The importance of sport was highlighted by the fact that "After the general store, the pub and the cemetery, one of the first things established in many a fledgling Australian country town was a sporting facility. Commonly it was a racetrack, sometimes a footy ground or tennis court carved out of someone's back paddock; if the climate was hot and there was ample water, possibly a pool."[2]

Rural sports
Campdrafting was a sport developed in Australia.

Many sports are the predominantly or exclusively played in rural areas. These sports often reflect the skills required to work in rural areas and include: polo, polocrosse, rodeo, campdrafting, tent pegging, endurance horse riding, woodchopping, shearing sports and Sheep Dog Trials.[2]

List of Sporting Events

Many Australian regional and rural towns have or currently host major sporting events. These events are used to showcase the town and assist in developing community spirit. Increasingly they are being used to provide an economic stimulus to towns. Examples of current and former events are listed in the table below.

Central Park, Stawell, site of the Stawell Gift.
Camel racing during the 2009 Camel Cup.
Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst. Aerial view of the summit, looking from Forrest's Elbow to Skyline and beyond.
Tambo Valley Picnic Races, Victoria 2006
Playing polocrosse in New South Wales, Australia
An Australian Kelpie running over the backs of sheep during a yard dog trial, Walcha, NSW
Woodchopping at the 2007 Angaston Show, South Australia
SportEventStateBrief History
AthleticsStawell GiftVictoriaStarted in 1878 in a professional athletics meeting held during Easter Central Park, Stawell in the Grampian Mountains district of western Victoria. It is Australia's richest professional sprinting event. It is the world's oldest and Australia's most famous professional athletics meeting.[3]
AthleticsSydney to Melbourne UltramarathonNew South Wales / VictoriaAn annual ultramarathon foot race held between 1983 and 1991. It was sponsored by the Westfield Group, with the start being at Westfield Parramatta in Sydney and the finish at Westfield Doncaster shopping centre in Melbourne. It travelled through New South Wales and Victorian towns.
Australian footballNAB CupVarious statesAustralian Football League plays pre-season games and hosts community camps in regional cities throughout Australia to promote their game. In 2016, regional cities to host games: new South Wales – Wagga Wagga ; Queensland – Mackay ; Victoria – Wangaratta, Shepparton ; South Australia – Mount Barker ; Tasmania – Beaconsfield ; Western Australia – Mandurah.[4] AFL regularly hosts premiership games in Alice Springs and Cairns.
BoxingJimmy Sharman's Boxing Troupe[5]Various statesJimmy Sharman's Boxing Troupe from 1912 attended agricultural shows in Australia.[3]
Camel racingCamel CupNorthern TerritoryFirst held in Alice Springs in 1970 and is now an annual event.[6]
CampdraftingWarwick Gold Cup and Risdon CupsQueenslandIts beginning can be traced back to the Tenterfield Show in 1885. Regular competitions are held in regional cities. The premier competitions are the Warwick Gold Cup and Risdon Cup which are held in Warwick, Queensland.[3]
CanoeingMurray River Canoe MarathonVictoria / New South WalesThe event began in 1969 when 10 friends decided to raise money for the Australian Red Cross. It started in Yarrawonga, Victoria and finished in Swan Hill, Victoria.The event is now held in late November.[7][8]
CricketImparja CupNorthern TerritoryAnnual cricket tournament started in 1994 and held in Alice Springs.
CyclingTour Down UnderSouth AustraliaThe event started in 1999 and is held in January and visits many regional areas of South Australia. The race concludes in the streets of Adelaide.[9]
CyclingHerald Sun TourVictoriaThe event was first held in 1952 and traverses different regions in Victoria. It is currently held in early February.[10]
CyclingTour of TasmaniaTasmaniaEstablished in 1930 but has not always been held annually.
CyclingAustralian National Road Race ChampionshipsVictoriaThe championships since 2007 have been held in Ballarat, Victoria.
EquestrianTom Quilty Gold CupVarious states100-mile endurance horse event was established in 1966 after R. M. Williams asked his friend Tom Quilty, a great horseman and cattleman in the Kimberly area of Western Australia, for his support for the 100 miles ride. Quilty donated $1000 and tis was used to make a gold cup, the prize for the winner of the event.[11]
Horse racingBirdsville RacesQueenslandThe races were first held in 1882. The events in the isolated town of Birdsville, Queensland attracts up to 7,000 spectators. I is held in September and raises funds for the Royal Flying Doctor Service.[12]
Horse racingPicnic horse racingVarious statesPicnic racing in Australia has existed since the late 1800s. This was due to amateurs and pony racers being excluded from city race meetings. Picnic races were seen as a major social event in rural towns.[13]
Motor sportBathurst 1000New South WalesIt is a 1,000 kilometre touring car race held annually on the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales. It is regarded as the pinnacle of motorsport in Australia and colloquially known as The Great Race among motorsport fans and media. The race concept originated with the 1960 Armstrong 500 at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit, before being relocated to Bathurst in 1963.[14]
Motor sportFinke Desert RaceNorthern TerritoryThe race commenced in 1976 as a 'there and back' challenge for a group of local motorbike riders to race from Alice Springs to the Finke River and return. It is held annually on the Queen's Birthday long weekend.[15]
Motor sportAustralian Motorcycle Grand PrixVarious statesIt has been held in Goulburn (1924), Bathurst (1940–1980 intermittently), Phillip Island (1989–1990, 1997 to present day)
Motor sportRound Australia TrialVarious StatesIt was a motorsport rallying or rally raid event that was run on multiple occasions between 1953 and 1998, the first three being the Redex Trials.[3]
Motor sportAustralian Rally ChampionshipVarious states]]The Championship has been held annually since 1968 and has been held in many Australian regional areas.
PolocrosseWorld CupsQueenslandSport originated in Australia in 1939[3] There are over 150 Tournaments held around Australia, from Mount Isa, Queensland to Launceston, Tasmania and Yorke Peninsula, South Australia to Humpty Doo, Northern Territory.[16] The inaugural 2003 and 2007 World Cups were held in Warwick, Queensland.[17]
RodeoAustralian rodeosVarious statesNewspaper reports recorded public roughriding events that took place in Victoria during the 1880s. The National Rodeo Council of Australia currently runs rodeos is rural towns throughout Australia.
RowingHenley-on-Todd RegattaNorthern TerritorySince 1962, a "boat" race is held annually in the typically dry sandy bed of the Todd River in Alice Springs, Australia.
Rugby leagueCity vs Country OriginNew South WalesThe annual clash between a City and Country team originally started in 1911 and since 1995 has been played in a regional city in New South Wales.[18]
Rugby leagueNational Rugby League (NRL) GamesNew South Wales/QueenslandThere are several NRL teams located in regional cities – Newcastle Knights, St George Dragons (play games in Wollongong) and North Queensland Cowboys. NRL games have been held in regional cities: New South Wales – Albury, Bathurst, Cootamundra, Mudgee, Wagga Wagga ; Queensland – Cairns, Mackay[19]
Rugby unionNational Rugby Championship (NRC)New South Wales/QueenslandNRC includes two country teams – New South Wales Country Eagles and Queensland Country and they play matches in regional cities.
Sheepdog trialsAustralian Sheep Dog Workers' Association (ASDWA) EventsVarious statesThe National Sheep Dog Trials have been held since 1943.[20]
Surf boat racingGeorge Bass MarathonNew South WalesThe Marathon was first held in 1970 and it is the longest and hardest surfboat marathon in the world. The race starts at Batemans Bay with overnight stops at Moruya, Turross Head, Narooma, Bermagui, Tathra, Pambula, Merrmbula and finishes in Eden. The race covers part of the journey that George Bass made in 1797.[21]
TennisDavis CupVarious statesSeveral regional cities have hosted Davis Cup ties – Mildura, Victoria (Australia v Zimbabwe in 1998). Townsville, Queensland (Australia v Uzbekistan 1998 and v Thailand in 2008).[22]
TennisFederation CupVictoriaAustralia versus Switzerland in Mildura in 1999.[23]
TennisAustralian Hardcourt ChampionshipsVarious statesThis defunct tournament was held in several regional towns: Toowoomba, Queensland – 1939 & 1970 ; Launceston, Tasmania – 1995, 1964 and 1968.
TennisAustralian Pro Tennis TourVarious statesThis tour encompasses 36 weeks of competition with more than $900,000 in prize money. It holds tournaments in regional towns throughout Australia.[24]
TriathlonPort Macquarie IronmanNew South WalesEstablished in 1985 in North Coast town of Port Macquarie. The event consists of a 3.8 kilometre swim, 180 kilometre bike course and 42.2 kilometre run.[25]
Wheelbarrow raceBlack Rock StakesWestern AustraliaThe Black Rock Stakes established in 1971. Men, women and children push a wheelbarrow full of iron ore 122 kilometres from Goldsworthy and into Port Hedland.[26]
WoodchoppingAgricultural showsVarious statesWoodchopping events are now frequently held at major agricultural shows. The first recorded Australian contest was held in Tasmania in 1874. In 1891, a Latrobe, Tasmania tournament offered prize money of $2000.[3]

Sportspeople

A research term "Wagga effect" was devised to describe the disproportionately high number of elite sports men and women who come from Australian regional and rural cities.[27] It is argued that regional and rural cities offer children more space to play, a range of sports, participation with adults due to low participation numbers and local sporting heroes.[27] It has been stated that 60 per cent of the Australian team at the 2004 Athens Olympics grew up in rural and regional Australia.[2] Besides developing international athletes, many Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League players have their origins in country areas. In 2010, one-third of AFL players came from country Victoria.[2]

Recognition

Several cities and towns have erected statues to recognise sportspeople and horses.[28] These include:

Hubert Opperman's statue in Rochester, Victoria
Big tennis racquet honouring Evonne Goolagong-Cawley in Barellan, New South Wales

In addition, many sportspeople from cities and towns have sports field and facilities named after them. Examples are:

See also

Further reading

References
  1. Tonks, Matthew (2005). "Competitive sport and social capital in rural Australia" (PDF). Journal of Rural Studies. 21: 137–149. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  2. Burdon, Amanda (December 2009 – January 2010). "Good sports : sport – whatever the code, whichever the team – provides a rich backdrop to life in the bush". R.M. Williams Outback (68): 30–44. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  3. Oxford Companion to Australian sport (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 1994. ISBN 9780195535686.
  4. "2016 NAB Challenge Fixture". AFL website. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  5. Sharman Obit retrieved 27th May 2020
  6. "History". Camel Cuo website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  7. "Murray River Marathon – Australian Kayaking Event". Murray River Guide website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  8. "Event history". YMCA Massive Murray Paddle website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  9. "The history". Tour Down Under website. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  10. "Tour history". Herald Sun Tour website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  11. "Tom Quilty Gold Cup – A Brief History". Tom Quilty website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  12. "The History of the Birsville Races". Birdsville Races website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  13. "Picnic races in New South Wales". State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  14. "Early years". Mount Panorama. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  15. "About us". Finke Desert Race website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  16. "About the game". Polocrosse Australia. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  17. "History of polocrosse". Polocrosse Victoria. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  18. "City versus Country results". Rugby League Project website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  19. "NRL venues". Rugby League Project website. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  20. "Our Story". National Sheep Dog Trials. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  21. "About George Bass". George Bass Marathon website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  22. "History". Tennis Townsville website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  23. "Federation Cup a 'coup for Mildura tourism'". ABC News. 19 March 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  24. "Australian Pro Tour". Tennis Australia. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  25. "Ironman Australia Port Macquarie". Visit NSW website. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  26. "The Black Rock Stakes". ABC North West WA. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  27. "City of Good Sports". Wagga Wagga website. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  28. "Sport and culture". Monuments Australia. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
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