Spondias pinnata

Spondias pinnata is a species of tree first described by Carl Linnaeus the Younger. It is in the family Anacardiaceae.[2][3][4] This species, among several others, has sometimes called the "wild (or forest) mango" in other languages and was once placed in the genus Mangifera.

Spondias pinnata
Leaves
Trunk of specimen in Cat Tien National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Spondias
Species:
S. pinnata
Binomial name
Spondias pinnata
Synonyms

Spondias pinnata is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[5] It is probably native to Malesia the Philippines and Indochina.[5] It has also been widely cultivated and naturalized in Bhutan, China (southern), India, Myanmar, and Nepal.[5]

Description

Spondias pinnata is a deciduous tree, 10–15 m tall (sometimes up to 25 m in height); branchlets yellowish brown and glabrous.[5] The leaves are large, with pairs of leaflets (see illustration) on petioles that are 100–150 mm and glabrous; leaf blades 300–400 mm, imparipinnately compound with 5-11 opposite leaflets; leaflet petiolule 3–5 mm; leaflet blade ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 70-120 × 40–50 mm, papery, glabrous on both sides, with margins that are serrate or entire; the apex is acuminate, lateral veins 12-25 pairs.

The inflorescence is paniculate, terminal, 250–350 mm and glabrous, with basal first order branches 100–150 mm. The flowers are mostly sessile and small, white and glabrous; calyx lobes are triangular, approx. 0.5 mm. Petals are ovate-oblong, approximately 2.5 × 1.5 mm; stamens are approximately 1.5 mm.

The fruit is a drupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity, 35-50 × 25–35 mm; inner part of endocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds. In China, it flowers from April–June and fruits from August–September.[5]

Vernacular names

Spondias pinnata may be called in:

  • Chinese: 槟榔青 bing lang qing[5]
  • Khmer /pɷːn siː pʰlaɛ/ (ពោនស៊ីផ្លែ) or /məkaʔ prẹj/ (ម្កាក់ព្រៃ),[6]
  • Kannada: "Amate Kaai"
  • Tamil: Pulicha kaai (meaning "sour fruit"); in Sri Lanka it is also called Amberella
  • Thai: มะกอก, Makok (eponym of the Thai capital Bangkok[7][8])
  • Tulu and Konkani: Ambade
  • Vietnamese: Cóc rừng ('forest [mango-type fruit]')
  • Assamese language: Amora

Spondias pinnata specimens from Kerala, India:

References
  1. Suppl. Pl. 156. 1782
  2. Kurz, 1875 In: Prelim. Rep. For. et Veg. Pegu. Append. A. 44, app. B. 42
  3. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  4. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
  5. "Spondias pinnata". Flora of China. p. 339. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  6. LETI, Mathieu, HUL Sovanmoly, Jean-Gabriel FOUCHÉ, CHENG Sun Kaing, Bruno DAVID, Flore photographique du Cambodge, Paris: Privat, 2013, p. 63.
  7. Klaus Wenk (1968). The restoration of Thailand under Rama I, 1782–1809. Association for Asian Studies/University of Arizona Press. p. 18.
  8. William Warren (2002). Bangkok. Reaktion Books. p. 13.
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