Sorefame

Sorefame was founded in 1943, capitalised using state funds, but run as a private business. The company had two main product lines: railway equipment such as rolling stock, and equipment for hydro-electric reservoirs, such as dam gates.[1]

In 1987 Sorefame underwent restructuring with MOMPOR, forming a new company Sociedade de Montagens Metalomecânicas (SMM); in 1990 SMM merged with Sorefame, MAGUE and SEPSA resulting to form Grupo SENETE, in which ABB Group had a 40% share.[2]

In the 1990s the company was split into two entities, one rolling stock company, and a dam equipment company Hidro-sorefame,[1] by 1994 ABB had a 70% share of SENETE, and the following year Hidro-Sorefame became ABB-hidro. SENETE was fully acquired by ABB in 1997, and in 1999 ABB's power business was include in a power generation joint venture with Alstom: ABB ALSTOM POWER. In 2000 Alstom acquired ABB's stake in the joint venture, with the former 'Hidro-sorefame' still as a subentity of the firm.[3]

ABB merged its rail transportation division with that of Daimler-Benz forming Adtranz, subsequently divesting itself of the interest in 1999. Adtranz was eventually sold to Bombardier Transportation — which became owner of the manufacturing facility in Amadora.[4] Under ABB and later Adtranz and Bombardier the rolling stock company became increasing an assembly plant — with the resultant loss of many jobs.[1]

In 2001 during Bombardier's restructuring after the acquisition of Adtranz the plant in Amadora was decided to be one of Bombardier's seven final manufacturing plants in Europe, with it also being used for assembly in the case of undercapacity elsewhere.[4] Limited demand and overcapacity in rolling stock manufacturing capacity across Europe resulted in the closure of the Sorefame railway factory in 2004.[5]

In 2005 part the Amadora plant was expropriated by Refer, with Bombardier being offered approximately €7million for less than half of the site; the site was to be used for training and development of railway related skills and technology, and the expropriation was justified as being in the public interest.[6] In 2008 the land formally became the property of Comboios de Portugal (CP), to be occupied by CP subsidiary EMEF (Empresa de Manutenção de Equipamento Ferroviário) The remainder of the site was sold to glass container manufacturer Sotancro. An investment of €500 million is expected to re-establish a rail vehicle business in Portugal, to be built in Médio Tejo.[7]