Sonchus arvensis

Sonchus arvensis, the field milk thistle,[2] field sowthistle,[3] perennial sow-thistle,[4] corn sow thistle, dindle, gutweed, swine thistle, or tree sow thistle, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. S. arvensis often occurs in annual crop fields and may cause substantial yield losses.

Sonchus arvensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Genus: Sonchus
Species:
S. arvensis
Binomial name
Sonchus arvensis
L. 1753
Synonyms[1]

Description

The plant produces conspicuous yellow flowerheads that are visited by various types of insects, especially hoverflies of the genus Eristalis.[5]

Distribution

Sonchus arvensis is native to Europe, where it is widespread across most of the continent.[6] It has also become naturalized in many other regions, and is considered an invasive noxious weed in some places, such as North America, Russia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and Australia.[7][8][9][10]

It grows in areas such as pastures, roadsides, bushlands and the shorelines of lakes and rivers.[11]

  • Leaves
  • Flowerheads
  • Illustration

References
  1. The Plant List, Sonchus arvensis L.
  2. Sonchus arvensis at Plants For A Future
  3. "Sonchus arvensis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  4. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers" (PDF). Plant Biology. 18: 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
  6. Altervista Flora Italiana, Sonchus arvensis L. includes photos, European distribution map
  7. "List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Laurent Grands Lacs". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  8. Flora of North America, Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 793. 1753. Field sow-thistle, laiteron des champs
  9. Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F..
  10. Atlas of Living Australia
  11. Corn sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) by NSW WeedWise
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