Sandalj Hranić

Blagaj Fort, Sandalj's residence.

Sandalj's duchy of in the early 15th century.

As the head of the House of Kosača, Sandalj Hranić succeeded his uncle Vlatko Vuković in 1392.

In 1403, Radič Sanković led the attacks on Dubrovnik during the Bosnian-Ragusan War in the name of King Stephen Ostoja. Sandalj Hranić captured and blinded Radič, and held him in prison until his death in 1404.[6] When King Ladislaus of Naples sold his rights to the kingdom of Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice and retreated from the Balkans in 1409, many local nobles allied themselves with Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and accepted Stephen Ostoja as King of Bosnia. This seriously weakened the position of Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, whose niece Katarina was Sandalj's second wife. In such circumstances Sandalj also allied with Emperor Sigismund in mid 1411 and decided to establish closer connections with Sigismund's important ally Stefan Lazarević by marrying his widowed sister Jelena.[7] Sandalj divorced Katarina in December 1411 and married Jelena at the end of the same year.[8][9][10]

This marriage had its important political consequences because Hranić, the most dangerous enemy of Balša III, became his stepfather and protector.[11] With this marriage Hranić spoiled the relations with Hrvoje but strengthened traditionally close relations with Lazarević family.[12] Jelena went to live with her husband in Herzegovina and Balša remained as the only governor of Zeta.[13] Although Jelena was in her forties, Sandalj left a deposit in Dubrovnik for a son or daughter he hoped they would have.[14]

After 1419 Sandalj became the most powerful man in the Kingdom of Bosnia. After he took part in the conspiracy to kill Pavle Radenović in 1415, Hranić came in conflict with Pavlović family. In fighting against them, he allied with Ottoman Empire. In 1420 Ishak Bey organized unsuccessful campaign in Bosnia to support Sandalj's struggle against his enemies.[15]

At the beginning of February 1426 a special ceremony was dedicated to Duke Sandalj and Duchess Jelena in Dubrovnik, when they attended the feast of Saint Blaise, the city's patron saint.[16] Sandalj often had conflicts with King Stephen Tvrtko II, even refusing to attend his wedding to the Hungarian-born Dorothy Garai in 1428.

Sandalj died childless in 1435. He was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, son of his brother Vukac.

Sandalj was a staunch supporter of the Bosnian Church, which he openly followed, and used every opportunity to instill its influence in all spheres of life in the kingdom. This is confirmed by Junije Restić, known as Restius, who in his chronicle points out that Sandalj was born and died in the bosom of the Bosnian Church. Accordingly, Ragusans tied him to the top brass of the Bosnian Church in letters from April and May 1405. The presence of djed (highest ranking priest) of the Bosnian Church always close to Sandalj during the Konavle War also confirms duke's conviction in role of the Bosnian Church and its place in public life in medieval Bosnia. Like his contemporaries, Hrvoje Vukčić, Pavle Radinović and his son Radislav Pavlović, Sandalj was closely linked to the philosophy and "moral politology" of his time, represented by the shadowy patarens or Kristjani, as they were better known and as the members of the Bosnian Church called themselves, and whose organized structure was deeply interwoven with all aspects of human everyday life, protecting the rights, morals and elements of the state-building in its time.[1][2]

• Kurtović, Esad (2009). Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača (PDF). Institut za istoriju univerzitet Sarajevo.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Kurtović, Esad (2010). "Sandalj Hranić Kosača-Biografija bosanskog vlastelina". Bosna Franciscana. 33: 71–78.
• Fine, John Van Antwerp (December 1975), The Bosnian Church: a new interpretation : a study of the Bosnian Church and its place in state and society from the 13th to the 15th centuries, East European quarterly, ISBN 978-0-914710-03-5, retrieved 12 January 2013CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

• "Veliki vojvoda bosanski Sandalj Hranić Kosača" (PDF). Institut. 2009.