Sakhalin–Hokkaido Tunnel

Sakhalin-Hokkaido tunnel to Tokyo

Station Sakhalin Railway from Nogliki Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Sakhalin Railway to Korsakov La Pérouse Strait (border Sakhalin Oblast/Hokkaido and Russia/Japan) from Wakkanai (←1435mm) Minami-Wakkanai (↑1520mm/↓1435mm) Toyotomi (1520mm gauge trains will not stop) Horonobe (↑1520mm/↓1435mm) Teshio-Nakagawa Otoineppu Bifuka Nayoro Shibetsu Wassamu Kita-Asahikawa to Abashiri Asahikawa Fukagawa Takikawa Sunagawa Bibai Iwamizawa to Minami-Chitose Naebo depot Sapporo Otaru Kutchan to Tomakomai Oshamanbe Shin-Yakumo Onuma Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto to Hakodate Hakodate depot to Hakodate Kikonai Yunosato-Shiriuchi Seikan Tunnel (border Hokkaido/Honshu) Okutsugaru-Imabetsu to Aomori Shin-Aomori Hachinohe from Akita (via Tazawako) Morioka Sendai from Yamagata (via Yonezawa) Fukushima Utsunomiya to Takasaki (Hokuriku Shinkansen) from Takasaki (Joetsu Shinkansen) Omiya to Shin-Yokohama (via Ogikubo) Ueno Tokyo Shinagawa from Omiya (via Ogikubo) Shin-Yokohama to Shin-Osaka & Hakata

On 16 January 2009, the Russian Vice-Minister of Transport, Andrei Nedossekov, confirmed that proposals are now under consideration in regards to the Sakhalin–Hokkaido Tunnel. His decision to invite Japanese companies to bid to become consortium members of a wide array of Russian rail infrastructure work, particularly the Sakhalin Tunnel (or bridge) to the Russian mainland could be taken as a nod towards future rail cooperation between Russia and Japan.[2]

The tunnel would span roughly 40–45 km between Sakhalin's Cape Crillon (in Russia) to Hokkaido's Cape Sōya (in Japan). In comparison, the completed 53.85 km (33.46 mi) Seikan Tunnel links the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. A further tunnel or bridge in the north of Sakhalin to the Russian mainland would also have to be created. Already a proposal for the Sakhalin Tunnel, has been announced by the Russian Government. Once on the Russian mainland, the rail link could connect to the rest of the Russian (and hence European) rail network, allowing for gauge changes. Running south, from Hokkaido, the line would connect with the Seikan Tunnel between Hokkaido and Honshu, currently the longest undersea tunnel in the world and second-longest railway tunnel. This would allow connections to the rest of the Japanese rail network.

The project could be seen as an alternative to the Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel, as Russia is already under way with planning and construction of many of the necessary linkages on the Russian side, whilst the tunnel itself would be considerably shorter than that between Japan and Korea.

As well as the great cost and engineering difficulty, there may be political problems, particularly in regards to the Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan. The Japanese government's initial reaction has been positive towards the idea.[1]

Russian officials again raised the idea of a bridge or tunnel to connect Sakhalin with Hokkaido in 2013.[3][4] When combined with a potential bridge between Sakhalin and the Russian mainland, if built, it would be one of the final fixed links needed for a continuous rail corridor between Europe and Japan.[5]

The project has repeatedly come up in discussions between officials from Russia and Japan. During Russian President Vladimir Putin’s first term in office, the Kremlin greatly intensified its outreach to Japan, the world’s third biggest economy. Russia‘s plan was to build a 28-mile bridge between the two countries that could link Moscow to Tokyo by land and rail. Putin reignited speculation about the long-rumored project in 2017, when he announced that a land link between Russia and Japan would have “planetary” significance. [6]

In July 2018, Russia’s president Vladimir Putin commissioned an analysis of a proposal to build a bridge to Sakhalin Island. Putin said that the project is very important for Sakhalin residents and would be a major factor in encouraging people to remain in the region. It would also boost the development of Khabarovsk Territory. He said that he has instructed the government to analyse this matter, particularly its economic aspects.[7]

The railways on the Russian mainland use the 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 ²⁷⁄₃₂ in) Russian gauge, while the Sakhalin Railway was by 2019 converted from the original Japanese 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge to the Russian gauge. Japanese railways use 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in) standard gauge. It is unclear what rail gauge would be used for the proposed tunnel and associated infrastructure. Here are the current proposed figures:

• Breaks of gauge: in Wakkanai area, Hokkaido, 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 ²⁷⁄₃₂ in)/1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in).
• Sakhalin–Hokkaido Tunnel
  • Track gauge: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 ²⁷⁄₃₂ in)
  • Loading gauge: 4.1 m wide and 6.15 m tall
  • Electrification: 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead lines
• Hokkaido network:
  • Track gauge: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in)
  • Loading gauge: Japanese Shinkansen

• Trans Global Highway
• List of bridge–tunnels