ST14

Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein, also known as matriptase, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ST14 gene.[5] ST14 orthologs[6] have been identified in most mammals for which complete genome data are available.

ST14
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesST14, ARCI11, HAI, MT-SP1, MTSP1, PRSS14, SNC19, TADG15, TMPRSS14, suppression of tumorigenicity 14, ST14 transmembrane serine protease matriptase
External IDsOMIM: 606797 MGI: 1338881 HomoloGene: 7906 GeneCards: ST14
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 11 (human)[1]
Band11q24.3Start130,159,782 bp[1]
End130,210,362 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6768

19143

Ensembl

ENSG00000149418

ENSMUSG00000031995

UniProt

Q9Y5Y6

P56677

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_021978

NM_011176

RefSeq (protein)

NP_068813

NP_035306

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 130.16 – 130.21 MbChr 9: 31.09 – 31.13 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Matriptase is an epithelial-derived, integral membrane serine protease. This protease forms a complex with the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, and is found to be activated by sphingosine-1-phosphate. This protease has been shown to cleave and activate hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, and urokinase plasminogen activator, which suggest the function of this protease as an epithelial membrane activator for other proteases and latent growth factors.[5]

Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease expressed in most human epithelia, where it is coexpressed with its cognate transmembrane inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1. Activation of the matriptase zymogen requires sequential N-terminal cleavage, activation site autocleavage, and transient association with HAI-1. Matriptase has an essential physiological role in profilaggrin processing, corneocyte maturation, and lipid matrix formation associated with terminal differentiation of the oral epithelium and the epidermis, and is also critical for hair follicle growth. Matriptase is an 80- to 90-kDa cell surface glycoprotein with a complex modular structure that is common to all matriptases.

Clinical significance

The expression of this protease has been associated with breast, colon, prostate, and ovarian tumors, which implicates its role in cancer invasion, and metastasis.[5]

Matriptase and HAI expression are frequently dysregulated in human cancer, and matriptase expression that is unopposed by HAI-1 potently promotes carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination in animal models.

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149418 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031995 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: ST14 suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (colon carcinoma)".
  6. "OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: ST14 coding sequence".

Further reading

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