Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong

In 1841 Pope Gregory XVI created a Prefecture Apostolic comprising "Hong Kong with the surrounding six leagues" independent from the Diocese of Macau, but under the authority of the Bishop of Macau. The initial need for the establishment of the prefecture was the spiritual care of the British (Irish Catholic) soldiers stationed in the newly established colony.

Theodore Joset, a Swiss diocesan priest, became the first Prefect Apostolic.

The prefecture functioned much as a mission, but was intended from its inception to become a diocese. In the first ten years, the missionaries built churches, schools, a seminary, and institutions for the sick, elderly, and orphans.

Following Joset's death in 1842, Anthony Feliciani became Prefect Apostolic of Hong Kong.

The foundation stone of the first church was laid in 1842. It was dedicated to the Immaculate Conception in 1843, enlarged in 1858–59, burnt down on 18 October 1859, rebuilt and blessed on 18 March 1860.

In 1858, the first missionaries, members of the Seminary of Foreign Missions of Milan (now PIME) arrived; they were designated to take over the administration of the mission in time.

By 1860, the physical territory had spread well beyond the initial six leagues surrounding Hong Kong to include the San On District (新安縣), the Kowloon Peninsula, Sai Kung Peninsula, and Nam Tau.

In 1874 the Hong Kong Prefecture was raised to a Vicariate Apostolic and entrusted to the Seminary of Foreign Missions of Milan (now PIME). While the prefecture had been run by missionary priests, a vicariate was the intermediary step before becoming a diocese, and required a bishop to run it. Since the territory was not yet a diocese, the bishops were called "titular bishop" of another place (where they had no ecclesiastical authority). The bishops were under the direct authority of the Pope, exercising their power in his name, rather than being vested with the office belonging to a diocese.

The first Vicar Apostolic was Bishop Giovanni Timoleon Raimondi (consecrated 22 November 1874), who died at Mission House, Glenealy, Hong Kong, on 27 September 1894. He was succeeded by Bishops Louis Piazzoli (born 1849) and Dominic Pozzoni (born 1851) elected 26 May 1905.

In 1880, the vicariate hosted the first synod of the fifth ecclesiastical region of the Catholic Church in China; it hosted a second synod in 1891, and a third in 1909.

In 1883, the foundation stone of a new cathedral was laid. This is the present Immaculate Conception Cathedral. It was inaugurated in 1888.

The vicariate continued to grow. In 1913 it included 12 European and 10 native priests and 14,195 Christians; there were 26 churches, 5 of them with resident priests; 40 schools for boys and 29 schools for girls; 12 Brothers of the Christian Schools; 35 Sisters of Canossa; 22 Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres; and 54 native Sisters.

Besides Hong Kong Island, the vicariate included Lantau Island, its adjacent islands and the three continental districts of San-on (新安), Kwei-shing (歸善), and Haï-fung (海豐). Churches with resident priests were the cathedral (Glenealy), St. Joseph's (Garden Road), St. Francis (Wan Chai), Church of the Sacred Heart (West Point), Church of St. Anthony (West Point). The Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris had a procurator, a sanitorium (Béthanie) and a printing office (Nazareth) at Hong Kong; there was also a Dominican procurator.

More missionaries arrived from many orders throughout the 1920s and 1930s, building more churches, schools, and hospitals.

During World War II, the Japanese occupation stopped almost all activities. Missionaries evacuated, and were variously interned, released, and expelled. After the war, reconstruction began immediately.

On 11 April 1946 Pope Pius XII established the episcopal hierarchy in China, raising all the apostolic vicariates to dioceses, Hong Kong among them. Since then, the Hong Kong Diocese is directly responsible to the pope. Enrico Valtorta became the first bishop of Hong Kong.

In 1949 refugees fleeing the Chinese communist regime began to pour into Hong Kong, including many Catholics and clergymen from all over China; diocesan activities were effectively restricted to the boundaries of the Colony. In 1952, the diocese opened seven new chapels for refugees.

In 1969 Bishop Francis Hsu became, after the resignation of Lorenzo Bianchi, the first Chinese bishop of Hong Kong.

On 29 May 1988 John Baptist Wu, the fifth bishop, was named a member of the College of Cardinals by Pope John Paul II. He was the first cardinal from the Hong Kong diocese.

On 18 August 1991, an Open Forum on "Elections 1991", jointly organized by the Council of Priests, the Justice and Peace Commission, the Central Council of Catholic Laity and the Catholic Institute for Religion and Society, was held in the nine constituencies of Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories in order to encourage the faithful to take an active part in the direct elections to the Legislative Council on 15 September. Church organizations also made a similar appeal to the faithful and ordinary citizens through publications, questionnaires and advertisements in newspapers.

On 15 April 1993 the diocese was re-divided into nine deaneries. The Council of Priests was reorganized with all the deans included as ex officio members.

After the death of Cardinal Wu on 23 September 2002, his coadjutor Joseph Zen Ze-kiun became the 6th bishop of Hong Kong.

On 8 July 2004 the Legislative Council passed the Education (Amendment) Bill. Under the New Ordinance, which would be effective on 1 January 2005, every aided school would be required before 2010 to form an incorporated management committee (IMC) whose members should include elected representatives of teachers, parents of students and alumni, as well as other independent persons, with a view to promoting a school-based management. It was the concern of the Church that, as a sponsoring body, she would no longer be empowered in the future to supervise the schools under her sponsorship, nor be able to achieve her goals and objectives in Catholic education. On 5 June 2005, Bishop Zen announced that, if the Legislative Council passed the donation to support schools to create incorporated management committees on 8 July 2005, he would appeal against the decision to the court. After the Government decided to give up some main argued points, the Diocese decided to support the motion.

On 22 February 2006. Pope Benedict XVI announced that Bishop Joseph Zen would be raised to the College of Cardinals.[3] He was made a cardinal at a consistory held on 24 March.[4] Zen was an outspoken supporter of democracy and a staunch critic of the People's Republic of China. His views on government policies were often at odds with those of Hong Kong's former Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, who is also a Catholic.

On 15 April 2009. Pope Benedict XVI appoints Bishop John Tong Hon as the 7th Bishop of the Diocese of Hong Kong after the resignation of Cardinal Joseph Zen. Bishop John Tong was named a member of the College of Cardinals on 19 February 2012. On 1 August 2017. Pope Francis accept the resignation of Cardinal John Tong. Coadjutor Bishop Michael Yeung Ming Cheung was appointed as the 8th Bishop of the Diocese of Hong Kong, until his death in 3 January 2019. After few days of Bishop Michael Yeung's death. Pope Francis appoints Cardinal John Tong as the Apostolic Administrator of Hong Kong Diocese.

Below is a list of individuals who have led the Diocese of Hong Kong and its antecedent jurisdictions since its founding.[5][6]

• Theodore Joset (22 April 1841 – 5 August 1842)
• Antonio Feliciani (11 December 1842 – 10 May 1847) as Prefect Apostolic ad interim
• Théodore Augustin Forcade (10 May 1847 – 12 September 1885) as Pro-Prefect Apostolic
• Antonio Feliciani (24 August 1850 – 20 Jun 1855) as Prefect Apostolic ad interim
• Aloysius Ambrosi (20 June 1855 – 10 March 1867) – formerly Luigi Ambrosi
• Timoleon Raimondi (17 November 1867 – 27 December 1868) as Pro-Prefect Apostolic
• Timoleon Raimondi (27 December 1868 – 4 October 1874)

• Timoleon Raimondi (4 October 1874 – 27 September 1894)
• Louis Piazzoli (11 January 1895 – 26 December 1904)
• Dominic Pozzoni (12 July 1905 – 20 February 1924)
• Giovanni M. Spada (20 February 1924 – 8 March 1926) as Vicar Capitular
• Enrico Valtorta (8 March 1926 – 31 October 1948)

• Enrico Valtorta (31 October 1948 – 3 September 1951)
• Lorenzo Bianchi (3 September 1951 – 30 November 1968)
• Francis Hsu (29 May 1969 – 23 May 1973)
• Peter Lei (21 December 1973 – 23 July 1974)
• Cardinal John Baptist Wu (25 July 1975 – 23 September 2002)
• Cardinal Joseph Zen (23 September 2002 – 15 April 2009)
• Cardinal John Tong Hon (15 April 2009 – 1 August 2017)
• Michael Yeung (1 August 2017 – 3 January 2019)

• Francis Hsu (30 November 1968 – 29 May 1969)
• Cardinal John Tong Hon (5 January 2019 – present)

Under the Code of Canon Law, the coadjutor bishop has the right of succession (cum jure successionis) upon the death, retirement or resignation of the diocesan bishop he is assisting.[7][8][9] All coadjutor bishops eventually succeeded to become head of the Diocese of Hong Kong.

• Lorenzo Bianchi (21 April 1949 – 3 September 1951)
• Joseph Zen (13 September 1996 – 23 September 2002)
• John Tong Hon (30 January 2008 – 15 April 2009)
• Michael Yeung (13 November 2016 – 1 August 2017)

Unlike coadjutors, auxiliary bishops do not have the right of succession, per canon 975, §1 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.[7] Hsu, Lei, Tong, and Yeung went on to become Bishop of Hong Kong.

• Francis Hsu (1 July 1967 – 30 November 1968)
• Peter Lei (3 July 1971 – 8 September 1971)
• John Tong Hon (13 September 1996 – 30 January 2008)
• Michael Yeung (11 July 2014 – 13 November 2016)
• Stephen Lee (11 July 2014 – 23 January 2016)
• Joseph Ha (11 July 2014 – Present)

• Savio Hon (1982–2010), appointed Secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in 2010[10]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "article name needed". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.