Rice yellow mottle virus

Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus, belonging to the genus Sobemovirus. The genome is a positive-sense single strand RNA of 4450 nucleotides in length and is not polyadenylated[1]. It was first reported in Kenya in 1966,[2] and it has been detected in many countries in the sub-Saharan Africa.[3] It has also been detected in Central Africa, but has yet to be seen outside the continent. [4] The genomic organization of RYMV is most similar to that of Cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus.[4]

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV)
Virus classification
Group:
Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family:
Unassigned
Genus:
Sobemovirus
Species:
Rice yellow mottle virus
Synonyms

rice yellow mottle sobemovirus, pale yellow mottle disease

Management

Prevention

Resistant and tolerant varieties are available[8][14][15].

Using nursery sites which haven’t been infected previously or direct sowing in the field can also help prevent the spread of the virus[16].

CABI recommends planting the crop as early as possible can avoid the peak period of insect vectors of the virus. In addition, synchronising the planting in different fields can prevent the virus from spreading to younger crops[10].

Maintaining weeds to control other hosts of the virus and clearing bushes around fields to control breeding sites for insect vectors can also prevent RYMV spread [14] [16][17].

Sanitation procedures can reduce the spread of RYMV. CABI recommends cleaning weeds from irrigation canals and around rice fields, especially during the off season, to remove the virus and its insect vectors will remove the virus and insect vectors[10]. Cleaning of farm machinery can reduce spread prevent mechanical spread. This also applies to cleaning any farm machinery after each use[10][16].

Control

RYMV will completely kill susceptible varieties; if detected, removing infected plants and destroying them can prevent further spread. It has also been recommended by CABI to reduce the application of fertiliser on infected plants[10]   

There are no chemical control methods to directly stop the spread of RYMV. However, there are available insecticides to control vectors of the virus in some countries[8][17]; suitable chemicals vary depending on country specific guidelines.

Sources

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers: Resistant rice against rice yellow mottle virus, Jubilant JN Mwangi, Edith D. Kija Mariam I. Mziray, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: PMDG: Green List - Rice Yellow Mottle Virus, Plantwise, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers: Rice yellow mottle (Ikivejuru), Joelle Kajuga, Germain Nkima, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: PMDG: Rice Yellow Mottle virus - Rwanda, J. Chrysostome Muhigirwa & Germain Nkima, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: PMDG: Rice Yellow Mottle Virus - Malawi, Chilasa S.L, J.I.G. Masangwa, Shaibu Y.A., CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

 This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA License statement: PMDG: Rice Yellow Mottle Virus - Ghana, E. Moses, F. C. Brentu & F.A. Nyarko, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.

References
  1. Ngon A Yassi, M. Ritzenthaler, C. Brugidou, Christophe Fauquet, Claude Beachy, R.N. (1994). Nucleotide sequence and genome characterization of rice yellow mottle virus RNA. OCLC 713103998.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Bakker W (1974). Characterization and ecological aspects of rice yellow mottle virus in Kenya (Ph.D. thesis). Wageningen University.
  3. Abo ME, Sy AA, Alegbejo MD (December 1997). "Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa: evolution, distribution, economic significance on sustainable rice production and management strategies. Journal of sustainable Agriculture". 11 (2–3): 85–111. doi:10.1300/J064v11n02_08. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. Fargette D, Pinel A, Abubakar Z, Traoré O, Brugidou C, Fatogoma S, et al. (April 2004). "Inferring the evolutionary history of rice yellow mottle virus from genomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies". Journal of Virology. 78 (7): 3252–61. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.7.3252-3261.2004. PMC 371063. PMID 15016846.
  5. Abubakar, Z. (2003-03-01). "Phylogeography of Rice yellow mottle virus in Africa". Journal of General Virology. 84 (3): 733–743. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18759-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 12604826.
  6. Yassi, M. N.; Ritzenthaler, C.; Brugidou, C.; Fauquet, C.; Beachy, R. N. (February 1994). "Nucleotide sequence and genome characterization of rice yellow mottle virus RNA". The Journal of General Virology. 75 ( Pt 2) (2): 249–257. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-75-2-249. ISSN 0022-1317. PMID 8113745.
  7. Uke, Ayaka; Tibanyendela, Naswiru; Ikeda, Ryoichi; Fujiie, Azusa; Natsuaki, Keiko Teresa (2014-12-30). "Modes of transmission and stability of Rice yellow mottle virus". Journal of Plant Protection Research. 54 (4): 363–366. doi:10.2478/jppr-2014-0054. ISSN 1899-007X.
  8. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Resistant rice against rice yellow mottle virus". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  9. Kanyeka, ZI Sangu, E Fargette, D Panel-Galzi, A Hérbrard, E (2010-05-14). Distribution and diversity of local strains of rice yellow motile virus in Tanzania. African Crop Science Society (Uganda). OCLC 711047295.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Rice yellow mottle disease". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  11. Abo, M. E.; Alegbejo, M. D.; Sy, A. A.; Misari, S. M. (2000-11-27). "An Overview of the Mode of Transmission, Host Plants and Methods of Detection of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus". Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 17 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1300/j064v17n01_04. ISSN 1044-0046.
  12. Poulicard, Nils; Pinel-Galzi, Agnès; Traoré, Oumar; Vignols, Florence; Ghesquière, Alain; Konaté, Gnissa; Hébrard, Eugénie; Fargette, Denis (2012-01-26). "Historical Contingencies Modulate the Adaptability of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus". PLOS Pathogens. 8 (1): e1002482. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002482. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 3266926. PMID 22291591. * Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons License.
  13. Traoré, O. Pinel Galzi, Agnès Issaka, S. Poulicard, Nils Aribi, Jamel Aké, S. Ghesquière, Alain Séré, Y. Konaté, G. Hébrard, Eugénie Fargette, Denis (2010). The adaptation of Rice yellow mottle virus to the eIF(iso)4G-mediated rice resistance. OCLC 892791189.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Rice yellow mottle (Ikivejuru)". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  15. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) -Rwanda". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  16. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Rice yellow mottle disease - Malawi". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  17. "Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Yellow mottle disease of rice - Ghana". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
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