Renewable energy in Ukraine

In Ukraine, the share of renewables within the total energy mix is still very small, but is growing fast. Total installed capacity of renewable energy installations more than doubled in 2011 and as of 2012 stands at 397 MW.[1] In 2011 several large solar power stations were opened in Ukraine, among them Europe's largest solar park in Perovo, (Crimea).[2] Ukrainian State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Conservation forecasts that combined installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in Ukraine could increase by another 600 MW in 2012.[3] According to Macquarie Research, by 2016 Ukraine will construct and commission new solar power stations with a total capacity of 1.8 GW, almost equivalent to the capacity of two nuclear reactors.[4]

Perovo Solar Park

The Economic Bank for Reconstruction and Development estimates that Ukraine has great renewable energy potential: the technical potential for wind energy is estimated at 40 TWh/year, small hydropower stations at 8.3 TWh/year, biomass at 120 TWh/year, and solar energy at 50 TWh/year.[5] In 2011, Ukraine's Energy Ministry predicted that the installed capacity of generation from alternative and renewable energy sources would increase to 9% (about 6 GW) of the total electricity production in the country.[6]

It is envisaged to increase the share of renewable energy in the total balance of installed capacities to the level of about 20 percent by 2020, which in the baseline scenario is 12.1 GW (including large hydroelectric power plants), for which the volume of electricity production would be 25 TWh.[7]

Progress towards targets
Renewable energy Progress Report Ukraine, 2016 and 2017.[8]
20162017
Renewable energy share of heating and cooling sector 6,20% 7,56%
Renewable energy share of electricity sector 7,91% 8,64%
Renewable energy share of transport sector 2,10% 2,44%
Renewable energy share of total energy consumption 5,85% 6,67%

Renewable energy use in Ukraine started from a relatively low base in 2016 but its use is growing in all sectors. Overall in 2017 Ukraine 6.67% of total energy consumption in the country was provided by renewable energy sources. This broke down into 7.56% in the heating and cooling sector, 8.64% in the electricity sector and 2.44% in the transport sector. Renewable energy use has been growing particularly strongly in the electricity sector since 2018 with a large rise in solar power installations as well as smaller rises in wind power and other sources.

History
Ukraine RE targets
Renewable energy capacities (MWp)[9][10][11][12]
20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
Wind87151194334426/651,84264384655331,170
Solar 3191326616411/818,94325317421,3884,925
households SPP----0,121751157400
Small hydropower plants of Ukraine73758087909599114
Biomass617353539395255.9
Biogas07141720344670.3
Annual increase in new
capacities		537281321362918484,505
Total cummulative Installed
capacity		1,1819679991,1351,4262,2756,779
Percentage of
generation		1.7%3.7%
Hydropower5,400,25,400,25,400,25,724,25,724,26,048,26,048,26,048,26,048,26,048,2
  • 87,8 MWp WPP, 407,9 MWp SPP - is in the occupied territory of the Crimea[9] 138 MWp WPP in occupied part of Donbas. In total, 633.7 MW of green energy capacities are occupied by Russia.

At the end of the first half of 2014, the total electrical capacity of renewable energy facilities operating in the green tariff in Ukraine amounted to 1419 MW, of which the total capacity of wind farms is 497 MW, solar power stations - 819 MW, small hydropower plants - 77 MW, of electricity generation from biomass and biogas - 26 MW. Installed capacity of facilities producing thermal energy from renewable energy sources exceeded 1070 MW.[7]

In 2017, the total capacity of renewable energy facilities increased by more than 10% - up to 1.5 GW.[13] For the whole of 2017, the growth of the "green" generation was 260 MW. Climate News Network reported in 2017 that Chinese companies plan to spend $1bn in a solar power park in the nuclear disaster area in Ukraine.[14]

According to NKREKP, for the 9 months of 2018, an additional 430 MW of power plant production of electricity from solar energy, wind, biomass, and small hydroelectric power plants were introduced. 83% of growth is SPP, 13% - WPP, 4% - biomass power plants.[15] The share of renewable energy in the total electricity generation in Ukraine is 1.8%, and the share in value is 8.3%.[16] In 2018, the accelerated development of Ukrainian "green" energy was recorded. Thus, during the year, 813 MW of new capacities generating power from renewable sources were installed. This is almost 3 times more than the volume of capacity introduced in 2017, namely, about 300 MW.

In particular, in 2018, the following additional capacities were introduced:

  • 646 MW solar power plants (SPP);
  • 70 MW SPP of private households (for 9 months);
  • 68 MW of wind power plants;
  • 13 MW biomass electricity generation plants;
  • 12 MW of electricity generating from biogas;
  • 4 MW of small hydropower plants.

Over 730 million euros were invested in the installation of 813 MW of renewable energy facilities.

Overall, by the beginning of 2019, Ukraine had 2,240 MW of power generating "clean" electricity, which was 1.5 times more than at the end of 2017 (about 1500 MW).[17]

2019

In the first quarter of 2019, power plants producing electricity from renewable sources, with a total capacity of 862 MW, were commissioned in Ukraine, more than the whole of 2018. The highest number of new solar power installations ever were recorded for the first quarter - 648 MW. Wind power plants expanded by 173 MW. The rest of the "green" power plants put into operation included biogas and small hydroelectric power stations.

installations in the 1st quarter:

  • 684 MW of SPP;
  • 173 MW of WPP;
  • 5 MW biogas plants;
  • 0.1 MW of small hydropower plants.[18]

The Energy Efficiency Fund has estimated that since the beginning of the year, 730 million euro of investment has been received by Ukraine's alternative energy sector. At the same time, in 2019, an alternative source energy sector in Ukraine plans to attract 4 billion euros of investment.[19] In the second quarter of 2019 six times more power plants that produce energy from renewable energy sources than in the same period in 2018, were commissioned in Ukraine . Generally, in April-June period in Ukraine were commissioned "green" power plants with a total capacity of 656 MW. The most active was introduction of solar power plants as 568.3 MW. Wind power plants were introduced at 71 MW. In addition, in the second quarter there are 16 MW of biogas power plants.

installations in the 2nd quarter:

  • 568.3 MW of SPP;
  • 71 MW of WPP;
  • 16 MW biogas plants;[20]
  • 0.8 MW of small hydropower plants.

The regional leader in the number of commissioned capacities was Zaporizhia Oblast (152 MW) followed by: Mykolaiv (132 MW), Kyiv (76.3 MW), Dnipropetrovsk (49.1 MW), Vinnytsia (40.2 MW) and other Oblasts. In the first quarter of this year, objects of alternative energy produced 1.9 billion kWh of electricity.[21] Currently, about 12,000 households use solar panels in Ukraine. In Q2, solar panels was installed by more than 3,000 households with a total capacity of more than 85 MW, which is more than 2 times more than in the first quarter of 2019. Since Q3 2015, the number of households installing solar panels has increased by almost 100 times. The total installed capacity of the installed solar plants and households is 280 MW, and the investment of households in solar energy amounted to EUR 240 million. The largest amount of SPP was installed in households in Dnipropetrovsk, Ternopil and Kyiv oblasts (including Kyiv). These three regions account for more than a third of all households using solar energy.[22]

During Q3, 955.5 MW of new generating capacity was introduced, of which 97.8% was wind and solar. Most of the facilities were built in the Dnipropetrovsk region - 388.5 MW. It is followed by Zaporizhzhia region - 166.9 MW, and Mykolaiv region - 144.2 MW.[23]

installations in the 3rd quarter:

  • 780.5 MW of SPP;
  • 154.8 MW of WPP;
  • 3.3 MW biogas plants;
  • 3.9 MW biomass plants;
  • 11.7 MW of small hydropower plants.

About 3,000 households installed solar panels with a total capacity of nearly 70 MW in Q3 2019. These SPP projects are being implemented nationwide. The total number increased to 14790 stations and capacity increased to 345 MW by 69 MW. TOP-3 areas with the highest number of households SPP are:[24]

  • 1982 (≈ 50 MW) - Dnipropetrovsk;
  • 1369 (≈ 37 MW) - Ternopilska;
  • 1345 (≈ 27 MW) - Kyiv.

Solar energy
Main article: Solar power in Ukraine

Wind power
Main article: Wind power in Ukraine

Bio Energy
Main article: Biofuel in Ukraine

On the territory of the Forestry Gorenivka OTG of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, a straw plant will be built and will generate 130 MW of thermal power (46.4 MW of electric power). As fuel in the future power plant, straw of different types will be used in Heston bundles - about 270 thousand tons per year. The main equipment of the power plant and technology will be supplied by Danish company Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor, BWSC. The project of the station was published by Khmelnitskyi Biofuel Power Plant LLC, which owns a land plot of 16 hectares. The area of the building will be 5 hectares.[25]

Geothermal power
Main article: Geothermal power in Ukraine

Ukraine has a certain potential for the development of geothermal energy. This is due to thermogeological features of the relief and features of the geothermal resources of the country. However, at present, scientific, geological, exploratory and practical work in Ukraine is concentrated only on the geothermal resources that are represented by thermal waters. According to various estimates, the economically expedient energy resource of thermal waters of Ukraine is up to 8.4 million tons of oil equivalent per year.

Practical development of thermal waters in Ukraine was carried out in the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, where 11 geothermal circulating systems were constructed, which correspond to modern technologies for the extraction of geothermal heat of the earth. All geothermal installations worked at the research and industrial stage.

Large reserves of thermal waters were also found on the territory of Chernihiv, Poltava, Kharkiv, Lugansk and Sumy regions. Hundreds of wells that have discovered thermal water and are in conservation can be restored for their further exploitation as a system for extracting geothermal heat.

In calculating the amount of possible consumption of low-temperature geothermal resources in the geoclimatic conditions of different regions of Ukraine, it should be taken into account that their intense exploitation can lead to a decrease in the temperature of the soil massif and its rapid depletion. It is necessary to support such a level of use of geothermal energy, which would allow exploiting the source of energy resources without harming the environment. For each region of Ukraine there is a certain maximum intensity of extraction of geothermal energy, which can be sustained for a long time.

According to the November 2011 National Renewable Energy Action Plans, the amount of energy produced by geothermal plants should increase significantly by 2020, with an expected volume of heat production of 2 630.7 thousand tp, with an intermediate target in 1 348,1 thousand t.p. in 2015. To achieve the goals, significant investments in production and heating networks are required. Thus, the question of the policy of stimulation to give clear advantages to geothermal heat in front of heat from fossil fuels is actual, that is, the policy should work ahead.[26]

Hydroelectricity
Main article: Hydroelectricity in Ukraine

Hydrogen power

In May 2019, the innovations in hydrogen energy and the prospects for their implementation in Ukraine were considered by the Head of State Department for Energy Efficiency Sergey Savchuk with representatives of the powerful Japanese company Asahi Kasei and the Ukrainian Hydrogen Council Energy Association. The meeting was the continuation of the negotiations launched with the company in April 2019 at the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Europe Hydrogen and Energy Show in Europe in Hanover, Germany.[27]

See also

Notes

    References
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    Sources
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