Religion in Jordan

Sunni Islam is the dominant religion in Jordan. Muslims make up about 95% of the country's population.[1] There are also a small number of Ahmadi Muslims,[2] and some Shiites. Many Shia are Iraqi and Lebanese refugees.[3]

King Abdullah I Mosque at night in capital Amman. The royal family of Jordan, the Hashemites, adheres to Sunni branch of Islam.
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The country also boasts one of the oldest Christian communities in the world, coexisting with the rest of the population. They made up about 4.2% of the population when the country had 5 million inhabitants in 2005.[4] down from 20% in the 1930s, due to several reasons, mainly due to high rates of Muslim immigration into the country. More than half are Greek Orthodox. The rest are Latin or Greek Rite Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Protestants and Armenians., ibid. Jordanian Christians in a country of almost 10 million are thought to number 250,000-400,000 excluding tens of thousands of Syrian and Iraqi Christians in the country.[5] A 2015 study estimates some 6,500 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism.[6]

There are around 20,000 to 32,000 Druze living mostly in the north of Jordan, while there are fewer than 800 Jordanian Bahá'ís mainly living in Addassia village near the Jordan Valley.[7]

There are no legal restrictions on Jews, but in 2006 there were reported to be no Jewish citizens.[8] Bahá'ís[9] and other non recognised religious minorities face several restrictions.[10]

Distribution

The percentages vary slightly in different cities and regions, for instance the south of Jordan and cities like Zarqa have the highest percentage of Muslims, while Amman, Irbid, Madaba, Salt, and Karak have larger Christian communities than the national average, and the towns of Fuheis, Al Husn and Ajloun have either majority Christian or much greater than national average. Several villages have mixed Christian/Muslim populations, like Kufranja and Raimoun in the north.

Anglicans/Episcopalians in Jordan are under the oversight of the Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem. The Church of the Redeemer is the largest congregation by membership of any church in the entire Episcopal Diocese of Jerusalem. Other Episcopal churches are in Ashrafiyya, Salt, Zarqa, Marka refugee camp, Irbid, Al Husn and Aqaba.

Social life

In general, Muslims and Christians live together with no major problems regarding differences and discrimination. However, the smallest minorities, consisting of small Shia, Bahá'ís, and Druze contingents, experience the greatest degree of religious discrimination from the government.[11] Examples include instances of rejection by the Jordanian government to recognize members of the Bahá'í Faith and the Anglican Church.[12]

Religious freedom
Main article: Freedom of religion in Jordan

The state religion is Islam, but the constitution provides for the freedom to practice one's religion in accordance with the customs that are observed in the Kingdom, unless they violate public order or morality.

Some issues, however, such as religious conversion, are controversial. Although conversion to Islam is relatively free of legal complications, those wishing to leave Islam risk the loss of civil rights and face immense societal pressure. Among the restrictions against religious minorities are:

  • Jordan's government may deny recognition to a religion
  • Bahá'ís are not permitted to establish schools, places of worship or cemeteries
  • Aside from Christians, all other non-Muslim minorities do not have their own courts to adjudicate personal status and family matters
  • Christian missionaries may not evangelize to Muslims

In June 2006, the government published the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the government's Official Gazette. Article 18 of that Covenant provides freedom of religion.

See also

References
  1. "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  2. Kurshid, Ahmad. "Propagation of Islam". Al Islam. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  3. Nicky, Adam (27 November 2012). "Shiites in Jordan maintained low profile while marking Ashura observance". The Media Line. The Jewish Journal. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  4. Who are the Christians in the Middle East, Betty Jane & J. Martin Bailey, pp. 168–169
  5. Kildani, Hanna (8 July 2015). "الأب د. حنا كلداني: نسبة الأردنيين المسيحيين المقيمين 3.68%" (in Arabic). Abouna.org. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  6. Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11: 14. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  7. "Jordan International Religious Freedom Report 2005". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  8. US Department of State (2006), International Religious Freedom Report 2006.
  9. البهائيون في الأردن
  10. "2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Jordan". Archived from the original on 2019-06-23.
  11. "The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs at Georgetown University: Religious Freedom in Jordan". Archived from the original on 2015-07-10. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
  12. الطائفة البهائية تتقدم بطلب اعتراف من الداخلية
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