Pyroteuthis margaritifera

Jewel enope squid
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Order:	Oegopsida
Family:	Pyroteuthidae
Genus:	Pyroteuthis
Species:	P. margaritifera
Binomial name
	Pyroteuthis margaritifera; (Rüppell, 1844)[2]
Synonyms[2]
	Charibditeuthis maculata Vivanti, 1912 Enoploteuthis margaritifera Rüppell, 1844; Pyroteuthis mediterranea Pfeffer, 1912;

Pyroteuthis margaritifera, the jewel enope squid, is a species of squid in the family Pyroteuthidae.

This species has three large, ellipsoidal, double photophores on the tentacles, the nearest ellipsoidal photophore to the tip is near the carpal cluster and is widely separated from the two smaller spherical photophores at the base of the tentacle, but nearer to the other two ellipsoidal photophores. Another spherical photophore is located at the base of the tentacular club. The fourth right arm is hectocotylised and has 13-19 basal hooks, each of these hooks is large and has a primary cusp with a smooth inner edge and a large, rounded secondary cusp. Betong these basal hooks there is a fleshy, elongated pad, this is a flap in other species of Pyroteuthis, with three hooks opposite it and between zero and thirteen suckers at its tip.[3]

P. margaritifera has been collected off Bermuda from depths of 375-500 m in the day and between 75 and 175 m during the night. It is a widely distributed species which occurs throughout the tropical and temperate Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific Oceans but has not been recorded from the eastern Pacific. It was originally described by the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell in 1844 as Enoploteuthis margaritifera from specimens taken in the Mediterranean. It shows some geographic variation.[3]

References

Barratt, I. & Allcock, L. (2014). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T163353A1001253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163353A1001253.en. Downloaded on 18 March 2018.
JulianFinn (2016). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Rüppell, 1844)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Young, Richard E. & Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003) (2016). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Ruppell, 1844). Version 16 November 2016 (under construction)". The Tree of Life Web Project.

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[IUCN-1] Barratt, I. & Allcock, L. (2014). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T163353A1001253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163353A1001253.en. Downloaded on 18 March 2018.

[WoRMS-2] JulianFinn (2016). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Rüppell, 1844)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 18 March 2018.

[ToL-3] Young, Richard E. & Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003) (2016). "Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Ruppell, 1844). Version 16 November 2016 (under construction)". The Tree of Life Web Project.