Petroleum industry in Russia

The petroleum industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world. Russia has the largest reserves and is the largest exporter of natural gas.[1] It has the second largest coal reserves, the eighth largest oil reserves, and is one of the largest producers of oil.[2] It is the third largest energy user.[3]

Top oil-producing countries
(million barrels per day)
Russia natural gas production (red) and exports (black).
Russian crude oil production (red) and crude oil exports {black).

Russia produced an average of 10.83 million barrels (1,722,000 m3) of oil per day in December 2015.[2] It produces 12% of the world's oil and has a similar share of global oil exports.[4] In June 2006, Russian crude oil and condensate production reached the post-Soviet maximum of 9.7 million barrels (1,540,000 m3) per day. Exceeding production in 2000 by 3.2 Mbbl/d (510,000 m3/d). Russian exports consist of more than 5 Mbbl/d (790,000 m3/d) of oil and nearly 2 Mbbl/d (320,000 m3/d) of refined products, which go mainly to the European market. The domestic demand in 2005 was 2.6 Mbbl/d (410,000 m3/d) on average.[5] It is also the main transit country for oil from Kazakhstan.

Russia is by far the world's largest natural gas exporter. Most, but not all, authorities believe that Russia has the world's largest proven reserves of natural gas. Sources indicating Russia to have the largest proven reserves include the US CIA (47.6 trillion cubic meters),[6] the US Energy Information Administration (47.8 tcm),[7] and OPEC (48.7 tcm).[8] However, BP credits Russia with only 31.3 tcm as of 1 January 2014,[9] which would place it in second place, slightly behind Iran (33.1 to 33.8 tcm, depending on the source). In addition to having the world's largest proven reserves of natural gas, according to US Geological Survey estimations, Russia is also likely to have the world's largest volume of still-undiscovered natural gas: a mean probable volume of 6.7 trillion cubic meters. The USGS estimate of Russia's undiscovered oil is 22 billion barrels, second in the world only to those of Iraq.[10]

The Russian oil industry claims to be in need of huge investments.[11] Strong growth in the Russian economy means that local demand for all types of energy sources (oil, gas, nuclear, coal, hydro, electricity) continues to grow.

Russia's oil and gas companies

The biggest Russian oil company is Rosneft followed by Lukoil, Surgutneftegaz, Gazprom Neft and Tatneft.[12] All oil trunk pipelines (except Caspian Pipeline Consortium) are owned and operated by the state-owned monopoly Transneft and oil products pipeline are owned and operated by its subsidiary Transnefteproduct.

Academic institutions

See also

References
  1. Overland, Indra. "The Hunter Becomes the Hunted: Gazprom Encounters EU Regulation". In Anderson, Svein; Goldthau, Andreas; Sitter, Nick (eds.). "Energy Union: Europe’s New Liberal Mercantilism?". Blasingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 115–130.
  2. Russia continues to post record oil production Retrieved on 8 January 2016
  3. Russia, Background Archived 5 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine, February 2005. U.S. Department of Energy
  4. Key World Energy Statistics. 2006 Edition Archived 12 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine, International Energy Agency 2006
  5. Woodruff, Yulia (2006). "Russian oil industry between state and market". Fundamentals of the global oil and gas industry, 2006. Petroleum Economist. ISBN 978-1-86186-266-2.
  6. Natural gas - proved reserves, accessed 1 Dec. 2013.
  7. US Energy Information Administration, International statistics, accessed 1 Dec. 2013.
  8. OPEC, Table 3.2 Natural gas proven reserves by country Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 1 Dec 2013.
  9. BP,BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2014.
  10. Christopher J. Schenk, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, US Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2012-3042
  11. 'Threat' to future of Russia oil - Lukoil, April 2008.
  12. LUKoil to lose the lead soon. Rosneft will become Russia’s leading oil producer in 2007, Analytical department of RIA RosBusinessConsulting
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