People's Anti-Imperialist Association

The People's Anti-Imperialist Association was founded by Sheng Shicai in Ürümqi on 1 August 1935. The propaganda outlet of the Association was the Anti-Imperialist War Front. The Sinkiang's Youth and the Sinkiang's Women served as the Association's youth and women's wing respectively. The Association saw a large increase in membership. In 1935 it had 2,489 members, in 1937 the membership grew to 5,281, and in 1939 the Association's membership rose to 10,000.[5] The membership was nationally diverse, and included Han, Hui and various Turkic peoples.[1]

The ideology of the People's Anti-Imperialist Association were the "Six Great Policies", issued by Sheng in December 1934.[6] The Policies guaranteed his previously enacted "Great Eight-Point Manifesto"[7] and included "anti-imperialism, friendship with the Soviet Union, racial and national equality, clean government, peace and reconstruction".[7][6] Sheng referred to them as "a skillful, vital application of Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism in the conditions of the feudal society of economically and culturally backward Sinkiang".[8] They served as the ideological basis of Sheng's rule.[9] With the proclamation of the Six Great Policies, Sheng adopted a new flag with a six-pointed star to represent these policies.[10]

With Sheng's rapprochement with the Central government, the Kuomintang spread throughout the province, replacing the People's Anti-Imperialist Association,[11] which was disbanded in April 1942.[12]