Paul Singer (businessman)

Paul Elliott Singer (born August 22, 1944) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager, activist investor, and philanthropist, with a net worth of $3.5 billion according to Forbes.[2][3][4][5][6] Singer is also the founder and CEO of NML Capital Limited, a Cayman Islands company.

Paul Singer
Born
Paul Elliott Singer

(1944-08-22) August 22, 1944
EducationUniversity of Rochester (BS)
Harvard University (JD)
Known forFounder of Elliott Management
Net worthUS$3.5 billion (January 2020)[1]
Spouse(s)Divorced
Children2 sons

Singer's philanthropic activities include financial support for LGBTQ rights.[4][7][8] He has provided funding to the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research,[9] is a strong opponent of raising taxes for the wealthiest 1% of taxpayers and opposes aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act.[9] Singer is active in Republican Party politics and Singer and others affiliated with Elliott Management are collectively "the top source of contributions" to the National Republican Senatorial Committee.[10]

Fortune magazine described Singer as one of the "smartest and toughest money managers" in the hedge fund industry.[9] A number of sources have branded him a "vulture capitalist", largely on account of his role at EMC, which has been called a vulture fund.[4][11][12][13] He has been criticized for ruining the town of Sidney, Nebraska by forcing Cabela's to merge with Bass Pro Shops.[14] The Independent has described him as "a pioneer in the business of buying up sovereign bonds on the cheap, and then going after countries for unpaid debts."[15] In 1996 Singer began using the strategy of purchasing sovereign debt from nations in or near default—such as Argentina,[9][16][17][18] and Peru[15][19][20]—through his NML Capital Limited[15] and Republic of the Congo through Kensington International Inc.[13] Singer's practice of purchasing distressed debt from companies and sovereign states and pursuing full payment through the courts has led to criticism.[18][21] Singer and EMC defend their model[4] as "a fight against charlatans who refuse to play by the market's rules",[16] and supporters of the practice have said it "help[s] keep kleptocratic governments in check."[22]

Early life

Singer was born in 1944, and grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey in a Jewish family,[23][24][25] one of three children of a Manhattan pharmacist and a homemaker.[9] He obtained his B.S. in psychology from the University of Rochester in 1966[26] and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1969.[9][27] In 1974 Singer went to work as an attorney in the real estate division of the investment bank Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.[9][27]

Career

Elliott Management
Main article: Elliott Management Corporation

In 1977, with a convertible arbitrage "winning formula," Singer left law to create his own investment company. He founded the hedge fund Elliott Associates L.P. with US$1.3 million in seed capital from various friends and family members.[7][9] According to The Telegraph in 2011, Elliott is "one of the oldest hedge funds on Wall Street."[28] Singer is also the founder and CEO of NML Capital Limited, a Cayman Islands-based offshore unit of Elliott Management Corporation.[15]

According to Fortune, Elliott has been involved "in most of the big post-crash restructurings."[9] In 2009 The Guardian reported that Singer "through a brilliantly complex financial manoeuvre, took control of Delphi Automotive, the sole supplier of most of the auto parts needed by General Motors and Chrysler." Ultimately, the US Treasury paid Elliott Management "$12.9 billion in cash and subsidies from the US Treasury's auto bailout fund."[29] In December 2011 Elliott Associates sued Vietnam's state-owned shipbuilder Vinashin in the UK for defaulting the year before on a US$600 million syndicated loan.[30]

In February 2014 Elliott controlled $23 billion (£19 billion) of funds and was the ninth largest investor on Wall Street.[31]

In June 2015 Elliott was an active activist investor with Citrix Systems, pushing for various changes.[32] In May 2014 the French Financial Markets Regulator fined Elliott a record €14 million ($22 million) for insider trading, a ruling which the company appealed.[33] In a long-standing dispute between Singer and members of the Lee family over a merger between Samsung and Cheil Industries, in 2015 Samsung published numerous cartoons of Singer as an anthropomorphic vulture on its corporate website. The cartoons were denounced by Singer and others as antisemitic.[23] Samsung responded several days later denouncing antisemitism,[23] and pulled the images from their website.[34]

Forbes rated Singer's net worth as $2.1 billion in 2015[4][11][23][35] and $2.2 billion in 2016.[36] As of November 2015 Elliott Management Corporation oversees Elliott Associates and Elliott International Limited, which together have more than $27 billion in assets under management in a "multi-strategy fund."[7][35] The corporation includes a private equity division.[37] Termed a "specialist in activism in technology companies" by the Wall Street Journal in June 2015,[32] Elliott Management's varied portfolio also includes a prominent tech component.[37] The company pursued "more than 40 campaigns aimed at tech companies" between 2004 and 2015, according to Reuters.[37] in 2018, Elliott Management took control of Italian football club A.C. Milan.[38]

Sovereign debt

In 1996 Elliott bought defaulted Peruvian debt for $11.4 million.[20] Elliott won a $58 million judgment[16] and Peru had to repay the sum in full under the pari passu rule.[19] When former president of Peru Alberto Fujimori was attempting to flee the country due to human rights abuses and corruption, Singer confiscated his jet and offered to let him leave the country in exchange for the $58 million payment from the treasury. Fujimori accepted.[17][39][30] In the 1990s the Kensington International division of EMC purchased US$30 million (£18m) of "Congolese sovereign debt... allegedly for less than $20m." Kensington subsequently spent years trying to be paid in full through the courts.[12] In 2008 Kensington and the Republic of Congo settled for an undisclosed amount.[30]

After Argentina defaulted on its debt in 2002, the Elliott-owned company NML Capital Limited refused to accept the Argentine offer to pay less than 30 cents per dollar of debt.[9] Elliott sued Argentina for the debt's value,[40] and the lower UK courts found that Argentina had state immunity. Elliott successfully appealed the case to the UK Supreme Court, which ruled that Elliott had the right to attempt to seize Argentine property in the United Kingdom, and on October 2, 2012, Singer arranged for a Ghanaian Court order to detain an Argentine naval vessel in a Ghanaian port in an effort to force Argentina to pay the debt, but was rebuffed when the seizure was barred by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.[41][42][43][44][45][46] In February 2013 the U.S. appeals court heard Argentina's appeal in the case of its default and debt to NML.[47] In March 2013 Argentina offered a new plan,[48] which was dismissed first by the lower courts and then the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on August 23, 2013, and then again in June 2014 in the U.S. Supreme Court.[49][50] In March 2014 NML Capital unsuccessfully attempted to satisfy court awards by suing SpaceX, seeking the rights to two satellite-launch contracts bought by Argentina valued at $113 million.[16]:2[51][52][53][54] In early 2016 US courts ruled that Argentina must make full payments to holdout bondholders by February 29.[55] In February 2016 Argentina reached an agreement with Singer.[56][57][58][59][60]

Singer has been called a vulture capitalist because of Elliott Management Corporation's investments in distressed debt.[61]:301[62]

Business and investment model

According to Fortune, Singer focused from early times "on distressed assets," buying up bankrupt firms' debt and acquiring "a reputation for strong-arming his way to profit."[9] Fortune noted in 2012 that losses sustained early in Singer's career led to a "risk aversion that still guides his investing today. Thanks to his caution, by 2012 Elliott had "only two down years" since 1977, rising "4.2% in 2011, a year in which most hedge funds lost money."[9] Describing him as "one of the smartest and toughest money managers in the business", the article further notes that his firm "is so influential that fear of its tactics helped shape the current 2012 Greek debt restructuring."[9]

Elliott was termed by The Independent as "a pioneer in the business of buying up sovereign bonds on the cheap, and then going after countries for unpaid debts."[15] Singer describes his business model as "a fight against charlatans who refuse to play by the market's rules,"[16] and in 2013 Singer told Alpha Magazine that "we've made the point over and over again that sovereigns that could pay their debts and choose not to may be attempting to save some money but are harming their people and their economies by making investing in their countries more risky and more problematic and by discouraging foreign investment."[4] In response, The Washington Post wrote in 2014 that "in Singer's view, he isn't just forcing indebted companies and countries to pay up. He's trying to create a world where distressed debt doesn't exist. Depending on your own views, that makes Singer an activist investor, or a 'vulture capitalist.'"[4]

Philanthropy

Singer signed The Giving Pledge, which signals a commitment by individuals to donate more than half of their wealth within their lifetime to address society's "most difficult moral and economic challenges."[4]

Singer founded the Paul E. Singer Family Foundation, which supports charitable causes including the Harvard Graduate School of Education Singer Prize for Excellence in Secondary Teaching,[63] VH1 Save The Music Foundation,[64] the Food Bank For New York City, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Action Fund, the American Unity Fund, the New York City Police Foundation,[65][66] MarineParents.com,[10][67] the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society[68][69] and the Melanoma Research Alliance.[70]

Singer and The Paul E. Singer Family Foundation are behind The Philos Project, a pro-Israel Christian organization.[71] In 2016 Singer partnered with the Museum of the Bible to fund Passages Israel, a program to take college students to Israel.[72] He is a "longtime supporter of hawkish pro-Israel causes" and a major funder of the conservative think tank Foundation for Defense of Democracies.[73] In November 2018, after the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, the Paul E. Singer Family Foundation announced it would donate $1 million to upgrade security at Jewish institutions in New York.[74] The funds will be given to the United Jewish Appeal – Federation of New York, which will then distribute them as needed to individual synagogues, day schools, and community centers for safety reviews and enhanced precautions.[75]

Singer also serves on the Board of Fellows of Harvard Medical School and the board of directors of Commentary Magazine.[76][77]

Political activity

Singer is an active participant in Republican Party politics.[78] He is a "self-proclaimed conservative libertarian".[79] According to The New York Times, he supports "like-minded candidates who often share his distaste for what they view as governmental over-meddling in the financial industry."[80] Singer has contributed more than $1 million to the political efforts of the Koch brothers.[81][82] In 2014, Singer led a group of major Republican donors to form the American Opportunity Alliance, a group that brings together wealthy Republican donors who share Singer's support for LGBTQ rights, immigration reform and Israel.[83] During the 2016 Presidential election campaign Singer supported Marco Rubio and donated a million dollars in March to the Our Principles PAC, a PAC attempting to derail Donald Trump's election campaign.[84][85][86][87] He also started the American Unity PAC.[88] He supported Trump's inaugural committee with $1 million together with 25 other billionaires.[89]

Singer was a major contributor to George W. Bush's presidential campaigns.[7][90] On March 14, 2008, Singer hosted a Republican National Committee luncheon in his home for 70 guests that raised $1.4 million for Bush.[91][92][93] Bush appointed Singer to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel in May 2008.[94]

In 2007 Singer was one of Rudolph Giuliani's most important fundraisers in Giuliani's bid for the Republican presidential nomination.[7][95] In 2007, Singer led a financial industry fund-raising effort for Giuliani, first as regional finance chair and later as senior policy adviser.[96][97] Singer lent Giuliani his private jet.[97][98] That same year, Singer at $175,000 was the sole contributor to a campaign to support a petition drive for a proposed California initiative to apportion the state's 55 electoral votes by congressional district. At least 19 of the state's 53 congressional districts were expected to vote for a GOP presidential candidate, enough to change the national results in a close election.[95][99]

Singer was one of the largest donors of the 2010 midterm election cycle, contributing more than $4 million to support Republican candidates.[92]

In 2011 Singer donated $1 million to Restore Our Future, a Super PAC created to support Mitt Romney in the 2012 U.S. Presidential election.[100] In 2013, Singer gave $100,000 to the Club for Growth, a 501(c)4 organization that supports Tea Party candidates.[101] He has also donated millions of dollars to organizations that advocate for a strong military and for supporting Israel.[102][103][104]

In 2012 Singer founded the nonprofit Start-up Nation Central, an NGO aimed at developing collaboration between Israel's tech sector and outside investors.[105][106] Singer has invested around $20 million into Start-Up Nation Central, which is based in Tel Aviv.[107]

Singer is a member of the Committee on Capital Markets Regulation, a non-governmental, nonpartisan research organization.[108] He is chairman of the board of trustees for the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a conservative think tank in New York City,[109] and on the board of directors of the Republican Jewish Coalition, a political lobbying group in the United States that promotes Jewish Republicans.[64] He also served on the board of directors for the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs.[110]

In 2016 Singer invested $500,000 in a PAC supporting John Faso, a Congressional candidate in New York's 19th congressional district opposing progressive candidate and Wall Street critic Zephyr Teachout. Teachout responded to the donation by challenging Singer to come to the district and debate her.[111] The same year, Singer supported Senator Marco Rubio in the presidential primary.[112]

LGBTQ rights

As well as contributing to private initiatives, Singer also actively seeks to persuade other Republicans to support gay marriage.[7][113] He has joined other Wall Street executives in support of LGBT equality and stated that same-sex marriage promotes "family stability" and that in a time when "the institution of marriage in America has utterly collapsed," the fact that gay couples want to marry "is kind of a lovely thing and a cool thing and a wonderful thing."[114][115]

Singer, whose son Andrew married his husband Corey Morris in a same-sex marriage in Massachusetts in 2009, has also financially supported the legalization of gay marriage in New York[116] and Maryland.[117] In 2011 this advocacy included supporting legislation allowing same-sex marriage in the state of New York.[118]

In 2012 Singer provided $1 million to start a Political Action Committee named American Unity PAC. According to the New York Times, the PAC's "sole mission will be to encourage Republican candidates to support same-sex marriage, in part by helping them to feel financially shielded from any blowback from well-funded groups that oppose it."[119] In 2014 Singer urged Republicans to pass the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. This bill requires workplace protections to extend to the LGBT community.[120] As of June 2014 Singer had donated an estimated $10 million to the gay rights movement.[7] Singer also funded the American Unity Fund.[121]

In 2015 Singer, Tim Gill and Daniel Loeb helped fund Freedom For All Americans to promote LGBT issues in states and local communities in the United States.[122]

The Washington Free Beacon
Main article: The Washington Free Beacon

According to an October 27, 2017, article in The New York Times, the initial sponsor of anti-Trump opposition research conducted by the controversial Washington D.C. firm Fusion GPS was The Washington Free Beacon, a conservative political journalism website that is "funded in large part" by Singer.[123]

Writings and commentary

Singer has written columns in the Wall Street Journal.[76] In 2009 he wrote "Free-Marketeers Should Welcome Some Regulation," a column in which he argued that "It's true that monetary policy was too lax for too long, and the government encouraged lending to people who were unlikely to repay their loans. But this crisis was primarily caused by managements and individuals throughout the financial system who exercised extremely poor judgement. The private sector, not the public sector, is where the biggest mistakes were made."[124] Among other topics, he has written against raising taxes for the wealthiest taxpayers ("the 1%") and aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act.[9]

At a September 2006 financial conference in New York City, Singer delivered a speech called "Complexity Made Simple," advising that the purchase of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) was a serious mistake, and anticipating the downturn of the housing market by nearly a year before the $770 billion taxpayer-funded bailout.[27]

Hedge fund manager Jim Chanos said in an August 2009 radio interview that he and Singer had met with G7 finance ministers in 2007 to warn them that the global financial system was increasingly unstable and approaching a catastrophe, with banks on the verge of sinking the global economy. The pair argued that decisive action was called for, but Chanos claims they were met with indifference.[125]

Personal life

In 2015 Singer was 327th on the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans, 1006th among the world's billionaires, 350th of American billionaires, and the 16th highest earning hedge fund manager.[23][35] Singer has been divorced since 1996.[126] He has two sons, Andrew and Gordon.

After Andrew came out as gay, "[I reacted] with fear and nervousness, I worried about the health aspects ... grandfatherhood", Singer said. But he eventually became a steadfast supporter of gay rights. In 2012 he launched the American Unity PAC, which aims to persuade fellow conservatives to support same-sex marriage. He has actively supported same-sex marriage campaigns and makes large donations to LGBT groups.[127]

Singer lives on New York City's Upper West Side and has a house in Aspen, Colorado.[9] He began studying classical piano at the age of 10, and forms part of a family band, together with "one of his sons on guitar, the other on drums", and "his son-in-law on saxophone." He enjoys Led Zeppelin and has played onstage with Meat Loaf.[9] He is a fan of Arsenal F.C.[7]

Honors

In 2017, Singer received an honorary doctorate from the University of Rochester.[128]

See also

References
  1. "Forbes profile: Paul Singer". Retrieved January 16, 2020.
  2. Guttman, Nathan (February 2, 2016). "Mega-donor Paul Singer Gives Sheldon Adelson a Run for His Money". Haaretz.
  3. Johnson, Chris (October 31, 2015). "Major pro-LGBT Republican donor backs Rubio". Washington Blade. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  4. Fuller, Jaime (April 4, 2014). "Meet the wealthy donor who's trying to get Republicans to support gay marriage". Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  5. "Elliott Management Corporation Company Profile". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
  6. "Forbes - Paul Singer".
  7. Foley, Stephen. "Paul Singer, the hedge fund holdout". Financial Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  8. Johnson, Chris. "Major pro-LGBT Republican donor backs Rubio". Washington Blade. Washington Blade. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  9. Celarier, Michelle (March 26, 2012). "Mitt Romney's hedge fund kingmaker". CNN - Fortune.
  10. Eric Lichtblau (August 27, 2010). "Financier's Largess Shows G.O.P.'s Wall St. Support". The New York Times.
  11. Palast, Greg; O'Kane, Maggie; Madlena, Chavala (November 15, 2011). "Vulture funds await Jersey decision on poor countries' debts". The Guardian. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  12. Armitage, Jim. "Can you make an ethical case for vulture funds?". The Independent. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  13. Sheehan, Michael (November 15, 2011). "Vulture funds – the key players". The Guardian. London. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
  14. "Tucker Vs. Vulture Capitalists". The American Conservative. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  15. Kumar, Nikhil (November 23, 2012). "The vulture capitalist who devoured Peru – and now threatens Argentina; Could Paul Singer destroy another economy?". The Independent. London. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  16. Abelson, Max; Porzecanski, Katia (August 7, 2014). "Paul Singer Will Make Argentina Pay". Bloomberg News. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  17. Palast, Greg. "The Vulture: Chewing Argentina's Living Corpse". Greg Palast. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  18. Kelly, Kate (September 24, 2014). "Kyle Bass big on Argentina; rips 'immoral' competitors". CNBC. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  19. Kenneth Dyson (June 19, 2014). States, Debt, and Power: Saints and Sinners in European History and Integration. OUP Oxford. pp. 241–. ISBN 978-0-19-102347-7.
  20. George D. Cameron III (August 9, 2015). International Business Law: Cases and Materials. Van Rye Publishing, LLC. pp. 291–. ISBN 978-0-9903671-4-7.
  21. Spat between Samsung and NYC Hedge Fund takes nasty detour into Jew-baiting, The Observer (07/2015)
  22. Isabella Steger (December 12, 2011). "Hedge Fund Elliott Associates Takes Vietnam to Court". The Wall Street Journal.
  23. Kurson, Ken. "Spat Between Samsung and NYC Hedge Fund Takes Nasty Detour Into Jew-Baiting". Observer. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  24. Kampeas, Ron. "Jewish, Republican, pro-gay rights". JTA. JTA. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  25. Guttman, Nathan. "Paul Singer, the GOP’s 'Anti-Adelson', Makes His Move", The Forward, February 2, 2016. Accessed August 19, 2017. "Singer grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey, one of three children in a Jewish family."
  26. "Paul Singer '66". www.simon.rochester.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
  27. Kambiz Foroohar (February 2008). "The Opportunist". Bloomberg Markets.
  28. Ebrahimi, Helia; Blackden, Richard. "Paul Singer's Elliott Management takes the fight to National Express". The Telegraph. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  29. Palast, Greg (August 7, 2014). "How Barack Obama could end the Argentina debt crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  30. Steger, Isabella (December 12, 2011). "Hedge Fund Elliott Associates Takes Vietnam to Court". wsj.com. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  31. "Wall Street planning assault on UK". The Telegraph. February 8, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  32. BENOIT, DAVID; BEILFUSS, LISA. "Elliott Management Pushes for Change at Citrix". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  33. Tonnelier, Audrey (July 28, 2014). "Elliott, le fonds vautour qui fait trembler l'Argentine". Le Monde.fr (in French). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  34. Smith, Geoffrey (July 17, 2015). "Vitriol pays off as Samsung wins key merger vote against Singer". Fortune. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  35. "#327 Paul Singer - Forbes 400". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  36. "#327 Paul Singer". Forbes. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  37. Flaherty, Michael. "EMC-Dell talks highlight Elliott's clout across tech sector". Reuters. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  38. "Hedge fund Elliott takes control of Italian soccer club AC Milan". Reuters. July 10, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
  39. ""Fujimori paid and the Vulture Funds gave him the plane to flee from Peru," said Toussaint". Telam. September 30, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  40. Guardian (November 15, 2011). "Vulture funds – the key players". The Guardian. London. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  41. Lopez, Linette (December 21, 2012). "Hedge Fund Billionaire Paul Singer May Have To Pay For His Brief Stint As A Pirate". Business Insider. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  42. Conrad Waters (November 7, 2013). Seaforth World Naval Review 2014. Seaforth Publishing. pp. 39–. ISBN 978-1-84832-326-1.
  43. Fontevecchia, Agustino (October 5, 2012). "The Real Story Of How A Hedge Fund Detained A Vessel In Ghana And Even Went For Argentina's 'Air Force One'". Forbes. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  44. Lopez, Linette (November 13, 2012). "Argentina's President Is Making Great Political Theater Out Of Paul Singer Seizing The Country's Naval Ship". Business Insider. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  45. BBC, Kaja. "Ghana told to free Argentine ship Libertad by UN court". BBC. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  46. Ed Stocker, "Argentina welcomes home ship held in Ghana by US 'vulture fund'", The Independent, January 9, 2013
  47. Raymond, Nate (April 2, 2013). "UPDATE 2-US court demands Argentine bondholders address pay plan". Reuters. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  48. Warren, Michael. "Argentina wants to pay debts with cash & bonds". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  49. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS, FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT (August 23, 2013). "12-105(L) NML Capital, Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina" (PDF). Clarín. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
  50. "Argentina makes debt case in US newspapers". yahoo.com. AFP wire. June 23, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  51. Romig, Shane (March 25, 2014). "Argentina Creditor Takes Debt Battle to Space". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  52. Lopez, Linette (July 30, 2014). "Paul Singer Doesn't Understand Why We're So Obsessed With His Little Argentina Investment". Business Insider. Retrieved October 15, 2015. Singer sued Elon Musk's Space X for a ride Argentina had purchased as collateral for the country's debt.
  53. "NML fails at attempt to seize assets". Buenos Aires Herald. March 7, 2015. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  54. Salvatore, Cara (March 5, 2015). "NML Capital Loses Bid For Argentina Space Contracts". Law360. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  55. Stevenson, Alexandra (March 24, 2016). "Hedge Funds Dealt Setback as U.S. Sides With Argentina on Defaulted Bonds". New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  56. "Argentina reaches $4.65bn deal with holdouts". Financial Times. February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  57. Daniel Pollack: "El acuerdo se termina si el pago no se hace antes del 14 de abril" (in Spanish)
  58. Rafael Mathus Ruiz. "La Corte de Nueva York confirmó la orden de Thomas Griesa para que la Argentina salga del default" [The Court of New York confirmed the order of Thomas Griesa for Argentina to leave the default]. La Nacion (in Spanish). Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  59. "US court ruling allows Argentina bond sale to proceed". Financial Times. April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  60. Bob Van Voris (April 13, 2016). "Argentina Wins Court Ruling Letting Bond Sale Proceed". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  61. Suarez-Villa, Luis (December 9, 2014). Corporate Power, Oligopolies, and the Crisis of the State. SUNY Press. pp. 378 pages. ISBN 978-1438454856.
  62. Moyer, Liz. "Elliott Management Takes 11% Stake in Cabela's". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  63. "Stories Tagged Singer Prize Excellence Secondary Teaching". Harvard Graduate School of Education. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  64. "PAUL SINGER". Republican Jewish Coalition. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  65. Adeniji, Ade. "Four Things to Know About Paul Singer's New York City Philanthropy". Inside Philanthropy. Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  66. Foley, Stephen. "Paul Singer on how charity meets politics". Financial Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  67. "The Paul E. Singer Foundation Donates $25,000 to MarineParents.com, Inc.™". Marine Parents. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  68. "Welcome to Amanda Bush's MWOY Fundraising Page!". pages.lls.org. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  69. "LLS 2017 Annual Repoort" (PDF).
  70. "Corporate Allies". Melanoma Research Alliance. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  71. "The Jewish Billionaire Behind a New Christian Anti-Iran Group". March 6, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  72. "Charisma News". Charisma News.
  73. "Forward 50 2015 - Paul Singer". The Forward. The Forward Association, Inc. 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  74. Feis, Aaron (November 6, 2018). "Singer Foundation will give $1M to secure NYC Jewish sites". New York Post. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
  75. "Singer Foundation will give $1M to secure NYC Jewish sites". November 6, 2018.
  76. Paul Singer (March 23, 2010). "The Dodd bill and U.S. Competitiveness". The Wall Street Journal.
  77. "Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows". Harvard. Harvard. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  78. Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne; Brody Mullins (August 27, 2012). "Wall Street's Singer Makes His Influence Felt". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
  79. Sorvino, Chloe. "The Biggest, Most Influential Political Donors On The 2015 Forbes 400". Forbes. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  80. LICHTBLAU, ERIC. "Financier's Largess Shows G.O.P.'s Wall St. Support". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  81. Vogel, Kenneth (July 27, 2015). "Koch brothers summon Bush, Cruz, Walker, Rubio to SoCal confab". Politico. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  82. La Roche, Julia (September 6, 2011). "Check Out All Of The Wall Streeters Who Donated More Than A Million Dollars To The Koch Brothers This Year". Business Insider. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  83. Burns, Alexander; Vogel, Kenneth (February 18, 2014). "Exclusive: Mega-donors plan GOP war council". Politico. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  84. McCormack, Raymond (March 8, 2016). "Our Principles PAC". Factcheck.org. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  85. Considered, All Things. "'Our Principles' SuperPAC Spreads Anti-Donald Trump Message". NPR.org. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
  86. Cassidy, John (March 3, 2016). "The Problem with the "Never Trump" Movement". New Yorker. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  87. Haberman, Maggie; Confessore, Nicholas (October 30, 2015). "Paul Singer, Influential Billionaire, Throws Support to Marco Rubio for President". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  88. "Meet the billionaire hedge fund manager quietly shaping the GOP gay marriage debate". Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  89. Alexander, Dan. "More Than 25 Billionaires Poured Millions Into Trump's Inaugural Committee".
  90. "Hedge Fund Chiefs, With Cash, Join Political Fray". The New York Times. January 25, 2007.
  91. Kamen, Al (March 19, 2008). "Singer Was Bush's Mystery Dinner Host. No, Not That Singer". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  92. Mosk, Matthew (August 16, 2011). "Mitt Romney Cash Invested With GOP Whale". ABC News. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  93. Katz, Celeste (January 5, 2009). "President Bush's photo op with Robert Toussie was at home of city GOP'er". Daily News. New York City.
  94. Lake, Eli. "Bush Visit May Boost Olmert". The Sun. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  95. Berman, Ari (October 11, 2007). "Rudy's Bird of Prey; Giuliani's conservative kingmaker knows all about the ugly side of Third World debt. He invented it". The Nation.
  96. Rosen, David S. "Romney Attracts More of Bush's Top Donors Than Rivals (Update2)". Bloomberg L.P. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  97. Cooper, Michael; Wayne, Leslie (November 22, 2007). "Publicity-Shy Giuliani Backer Is Thrust Into Spotlight". The New York Times. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  98. Stone, Peter (September 2013). "This Vulture-Fund Billionaire Is the GOP's Go-To Guy on Wall Street; Meet the hard-charging, warship-seizing hedge fund mogul who has become congressional Republicans' most powerful fundraiser". Mother Jones. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  99. Andrew Malcolm, "Giuliani fundraiser was mystery initiative backer", Los Angeles Times, November 28, 2007
  100. "Schedule A Itemized Receipts – Committee: RESTORE OUR FUTURE, INC". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  101. Yang, Jia (October 11, 2013). "Here's who pays the bills for Ted Cruz's crusade". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  102. THOMAS, LANDON. "Hedge Fund Chiefs, With Cash, Join Political Fray". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  103. Clifton, Eli (April 7, 2014). "GOP Pro–Gay Marriage Funder's Other Agenda: Bombing Iran". The Nation. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  104. Blumenthal, Paul (April 23, 2014). "Wall Street, War Hawks Fund Challenger To Only Anti-War, Anti-Wall Street Republican". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  105. Shamah, David. "Nonprofit connects Israel tech firms with investors". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  106. "Israeli start-up incubator appoints new general manager - Business & Innovation - Jerusalem Post". www.jpost.com. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  107. CTech (March 11, 2019). "AI Companies Accounted for 37% of Investment in Israeli Tech Companies in 2018". CTECH - www.calcalistech.com. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  108. "Members". Committee on Capital Markets Regulation. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  109. David Callahan (June 22, 2010). Fortunes of Change: The Rise of the Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 272–. ISBN 978-0-470-60654-4.
  110. "Wall Street Donors: Paul Singer". Inside Philanthropy. Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
  111. Carter, Zach (August 15, 2016). "This Democrat Isn't Challenging Her Opponent To A Debate. She's Challenging A Donor To His Super PAC" – via Huff Post.
  112. "Influential billionaire Paul Singer throws support to Marco Rubio for president". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  113. Keith, Tamara. "SuperDonor Backs Romney – And Gay Marriage". New Hampshire Public Radio. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  114. "Out on the Street' Summit to Spotlight LGBT Employee Issues | LGBT Employees". Businessnewsdaily.com. April 25, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  115. Bruni, Frank (June 9, 2012). "The G.O.P.'s Gay Trajectory". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  116. Nicholas Confessore and Michael Barbaro (May 14, 2011). "Donors to GOP are backing gay marriage push". The New York Times.
  117. BOLCER, JULIE. "Republican Donor Paul Singer Gives $250,000 to Maryland Marriage Campaign". The Advocate. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  118. Barbaro, Michael (June 25, 2011). "The Road to Gay Marriage in New York". The New York Times.
  119. Bruni, Frank (June 9, 2012). "The G.O.P.'s Gay Trajectory". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
  120. Palmer, Anna (April 9, 2014). "Billionaires push Republicans on gay rights bill". Politico. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  121. "These Gay Republican Activists Are Making Inroads With Trump's Team". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  122. Somashekhar, Sandhya (June 5, 2015). "Ending discrimination in workplace, other areas is next gay rights battle". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  123. Vogel, Kenneth P.; Haberman, Maggie (October 27, 2017). "Conservative Website First Funded Anti-Trump Research by Firm That Later Produced Dossier". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2017. Mr. Singer initially supported Senator Marco Rubio's campaign for the Republican presidential nomination. But after Mr. Rubio dropped out of the race, Mr. Singer spearheaded an effort to block Mr. Trump from winning the presidential nomination, drawing Mr. Trump's ire.
  124. Singer, Paul (April 3, 2009). "Free-Marketeers Should Welcome Some Regulation". The Wall Street Journal.
  125. Johnson, Rob; Lynn Parramore (September 1, 2009). "Jim Chanos Warned Brown, Geithner, and Others about Coming Financial Crash in 2007". The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  126. Deedes, Dastardly Mr (April 14, 2017). "Twice over billionaire and founder of hedge fund Elliott, Paul Singer". This is Money. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
  127. "Wall Street CEOs open up about their gay sons".
  128. "Rochester Review :: University of Rochester". www.rochester.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2019.

Further reading
  • Welling, Kate; Gabelli, Mario (2018). Merger Masters: Tales of Arbitrage. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 58–73. ISBN 978-0-231-19042-8.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.