Panchakanya

Ahalya

Ahalya, also known as Ahilya, is the wife of sage Gautama Maharishi. Ahalya is often regarded as the leader of the panchkanya due to the "nobility of her character, her extraordinary beauty and the fact of her being chronologically the first kanya".[6] Ahalya is often described to be created by the god Brahma as the most beautiful woman in the entire universe,[1] but also sometimes as an earthy princess of Lunar Dynasty.[7] Ahalya was placed in the care of Gautama, until she gained puberty and was finally married to the elderly sage.

The king of gods, Indra, was infatuated with her beauty and comes disguised as Gautama, when the sage was away and requests or orders sexual intercourse. In the Ramayana (the earliest full narrative of the tale), Ahalya falls prey to Indra's trickery and does not recognize him.[8] In all narratives, Ahalya and Indra are cursed by Gautama.[8] Although early texts describe how Ahalya must atone by undergoing severe penance while remaining invisible to the world and how she is purified by offering Rama (an avatar of god Vishnu and hero of Ramayana) hospitality, in the popular retelling developed over time, Ahalya is cursed to become a stone and regains her human form after she is brushed by Rama's foot.[1][8] Some versions also mention that she was turned into a dry stream and that she would be condoned of her guilt when eventually the stream starts flowing and joins the river Gautami(Godavari).[8] Indra was cursed to be castrated or be covered by a thousand vulvae that ultimately turn into a thousand eyes.[1][7][8]

Lakshmana Meets with Tara(leftmost), Sugriva(2nd from left) and Hanuman(rightmost) in the Palace of Kishkindha

Tara is Queen of Kishkindha and wife of monkey (vanara) King Vali. After being widowed, she becomes Queen by marrying Sugriva, Vali's brother. Tara is described as the daughter of monkey physician, Sushena, in the Ramayana and in later sources as an apsara (celestial nymph) who rises from the Samudra manthan.[1][9] She marries Vali and bears him a son named Angada. After Vali is presumed dead in a battle with a demon, his brother Sugriva becomes king and appropriates Tara;[9] however, Vali returns and regains Tara and exiles his brother, accusing him of treachery and also appropriates Sugriva's wife Ruma. When Sugriva challenges Vali to a duel, Tara wisely advises Vali not to accept because of the former's alliance with Rama, but Vali does not heed her and deceptively dies from Rama's arrow, shot at the behest of Sugriva. In his dying breath, Vali reconciles with Sugriva and instructs him to follow Tara's wise counsel in all matters. Tara's lamentation forms an important part in most versions of the tale. While in most vernacular versions, Tara casts a curse on Rama by the power of her chastity,[1] in some versions, Rama enlightens Tara. Sugriva returns to the throne, but spends his time carousing often with now his current chief queen Tara and fails to act on his promise to assist Rama in recovering his kidnapped wife, Sita.[5] Tara—now Sugriva's queen and chief diplomat—is then instrumental in tactfully reconciling Rama with Sugriva after pacifying Lakshmana, Rama's brother, who was about to destroy Kishkinda in retribution for Sugriva's perceived treachery.[1][5]

Hanuman steals from Mandodari the weapon that leads to Ravana's death.

Mandodari is a queen consort of Ravana, the Rakshasa(demon) king of Lanka. The Hindu epics describe her as beautiful, pious and righteous. Mandodari is daughter of Mayasura, the King of Asuras (demons) and apsara (celestial nymph) Hema. Some tales narrate how an apsara called Madhura was cursed to become a frog and imprisoned in a well for 12 years, after which regains her beauty or a frog, blessed to a beautiful maiden;[4] in both cases, she is adopted by Mayasura as his daughter Mandodari. Ravana comes to the house of Mayasura and falls in love with Mandodari and then marries her. Mandodari bears him three sons: Meghanada (Indrajit), Atikaya and Akshayakumara.[10] Despite her husband's faults, Mandodari loves him and advises him to follow the path of righteousness. Mandodari repeatedly advises Ravana to return Sita to Rama, but her advice falls on deaf ears.[4] Her love and loyalty to Ravana are praised in the Ramayana.[11] Different versions of Ramayana record her ill-treatment at the hands of Rama's monkey generals.[1] Some versions say they destroy her chastity, which protects Ravana's life.[1] Hanuman tricks her into disclosing the location of a magical arrow which Rama uses to kill Ravana.[1] In some versions, Mandodari curses Sita that Rama would abandon her.[1]

Sita is the heroine of Ramayana and the consort of the Hindu god Rama (avatar of Vishnu) and is an avatar of Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and wife of Vishnu. She is esteemed as a standard-setter for wifely and womanly virtues for all Hindu women.[12][13] Sita is adopted daughter of Janaka, king of Videha, found while he was furrowing the earth.[14] The prince of Ayodhya, Rama wins Sita in her svayamvara. Later, when Rama is sentenced to a fourteen-year exile, Sita joins Rama and his brother Lakshmana in exile, despite Rama's wish for her to remain in Ayodhya.[14] While in exile in Dandaka forest, she falls prey to Ravana's scheme and sends Rama away in quest of a golden deer, while she is kidnapped by Ravana. Sita is imprisoned in the Ashoka Vatika grove of Lanka, until she is rescued by Rama, who slays Ravana in war.[14] Sita proves her chastity by undergoing a trial by fire, and both along with Lakshman return back to Ayodhya. According to Swami Vivekananda, Sita is typical of India – the idealized India. Swami Vivekananda assured if world literature of the past and world literature of the future are thoroughly exhausted, yet, it'll not be possible to find out another Sita, because Sita is unique, the character was depicted once for all. Swami Vivekananda felt there may have been several Ramas, perhaps, but never more than one Sita.

Draupadi with Pandavas

Draupadi is the heroine of Mahabharata. She is common wife of the five Pandava brothers and queen of Hastinapur, in their reign. Born from a fire-sacrifice of king of Panchala - Drupada, Draupadi was prophesied to lead to the end of Drona and Kauravas.[15] The middle Pandava Arjuna - disguised as a brahmin - wins her in her swayamvara. In popular renditions, she refuses to marry Karna on account of his caste (this is excised in the Critical Edition of Mahabharata [16] as later interpolation owing to the existence of older Sanskrit editions where Karna fails to string the bow.) [17] Draupadi is compelled to marry all the five brothers on command of her mother-in-law Kunti. Pandavas agree to the plan that Draupadi will always be the chief consort of all brothers and always the empress. She will be in personal union with one brother every year and may bear him a child. Anyone of the other 4, who interrupts them during a private time within that one year, must go on a 11-month prilgrimage.[15] She mothers five sons from each of the Pandavas, regaining her virginity after every year.[18]

A well-known incident surrounding her is that of Duryodhana who falls down in a pool of water accidentally during Rajasuya Yajna, and is laughed at by Bhima, Arjuna, Madra twins and servants. In modern adaptations, this insult is attributed to Draupadi alone, but the scene in Vyasa Mahabharata is different.[19] When the eldest Pandava Yudhishthira loses her to Kauravas in a game of dice, Dushasana tries to disrobe her in the royal court. However divine intervention saves her dignity by making her wrapped cloth infinite in length.[15] Pandavas and Draupadi finally accept 13-year exile for losing the game. While in exile in the forest, her second husband Bhima rescued her from various demons and Jayadratha, who abducted her.[15] She also instructed Krishna's queen Satyabhama on the duties of a wife. In the 13th year of exile, Draupadi and her husbands spent life incognito in Virata's court. She served as the maid of the queen and is harassed by the queen's brother Kichaka, who she desires to be killed by Bhima.[12] After life in exile, a war breaks between the Kauravas and Pandavas, in which the Kauravas are slain and her insult avenged, but Draupadi also loses her father, brothers and sons. Yudhishthira became the emperor of Hastinapur with Draupadi as the chief consort.[15]

At the end of their lives, Draupadi and her husbands set off to the Himalayas to walk to heaven; but Draupadi falls in the middle as she loved Arjuna more than her other husbands.[15] She is venerated as a village goddess and described at times an avatar of the fierce goddess Kali, in the ancient festival of Bangalore Karaga Draupadi is worshipped as an avatar of Adishaki and Parvati.[5][18]

Pandu and Kunti

Kunti is queen of Pandu, the king of Hastinapur and mother of three eldest Pandavas. Kunti was daughter of the Yadava king Shurasena and was adopted by the childless Kuntibhoja, king of Kunti Kingdom.[20] By her service, she propitiated the sage Durvasa, who granted her a mantra by which she could summon a god and have a child by him. She recklessly tests the boon and invites Sun-god Surya, who grants a son named Karna, whom she abandons.[20] In due course of time, Kunti chooses Pandu in her swayamvara.[21] Pandu abdicates after being cursed by a sage that union with a woman will result in his death. At Pandu's behest, Kunti uses Durvasa's boon to mother Yudhishthira from god Yama, then Bhima from god Vayu, and thirdly Arjuna, from god Indra.[20] Her co-wife Madri bears the twins Nakula and Sahadeva, from Asvins. After death of Pandu, Madri being cause of Pandu's death commits sati on same pyre while Kunti returns to Hastinapur and takes care of the five Pandavas.[20] Kunti befriends Vidura, stepbrother of Pandu and the advisor of the king. When Kauravas, the princes of Hastinapur and the cousins of Pandavas, try to kill Kunti and her sons, however they escape. She prevents Bhima from killing the demoness Hidimbi and advices him to marry her and beget a son, Ghatotkacha.[21] She instructs her children to take care of the common people and orders Bhima to kill the demon Bakasura.[20] When Arjuna wins Draupadi, Kunti instructs the brothers to share the prize.[20] Kunti and Pandavas return to Hastinapur. When Pandavas are sent to 12-year exile when defeated in a game of dice by the Kauravas, Kunti stays in Vidura's refuge.[20] When an epic war between Pandavas and Kauaravas is to ensue, Kunti reveals to Karna - now a Kaurava general - about being his mother and gets him to promise her that he will not kill any other Pandava, except Arjuna.[20] After the war, in which Kauravas and Karna were killed, Kunti with the parents of Kauravas left for the forest and spent rest of her life in prayer. She was killed in a forest fire and attained heaven.[5][20]