Outline of South Asian history

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of South Asia:

History of South Asia – South Asia includes the contemporary political entities of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Bhutan, and the island nations of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

Outline of South Asian history

Chronology
Chronology of India
James Mill (1774–1836), in his The History of British India (1817),[lower-alpha 1] distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations.[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to.[lower-alpha 4] Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods".[lower-alpha 5]
World History[lower-alpha 6] James Mill's Periodisation[lower-alpha 7] ACMM[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9] Chronology of Indian History[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13]
Early Complex Societes
(3500–2000 BCE)		 ? Ancient India Prehistoric Era
Indus Valley Civilisation
Ancient Civilisations
(2000–500 BCE)		 Hindu civilisations Early Vedic Period
(c. 1750 – 1200 BCE)
Middle Vedic Period
(from 1200 BCE)
Late Vedic period
(from 850 BCE)
Classical Civilisations
(500 BCE-500 CE)		 Second urbanisation
Early empires[lower-alpha 14]
(c. 600–200 BCE)[lower-alpha 15]
Disintegration[lower-alpha 16] and regional states
(c. 200 BCE–300 CE)[lower-alpha 17]
Classical India "Golden Age" (Gupta Empire)
(c. 320–650 CE)[lower-alpha 18]
Post-classical age
(500–1000 CE)		 Medieval India Regional Indian kingdoms and Beginning of Islamic raids
(c. 650–1100 CE)[lower-alpha 19]
Transregional nomadic empires
(1000–1500 CE)		 Muslim civilisations Delhi Sultanate (north India)
(1206–1526 CE)
Vijayanagara Empire (south India)
(1336–1646 CE)
Modern age
(1500–present)		 Modern India Mughal Empire
(1526–1707)
British civilisations Maratha Empire
British rule
(c. 1750 CE–1947)
– Independent India

James Mill (1773–1836), in his The History of British India (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim and British civilisations. This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to. Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods", although this periodisation has also been criticised.[1]

Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions",[2] neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.[2] The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered.[2] According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to the change of ruling powers.[3][note 1]

By period

Prehistory

Stone Age

South Asian Stone Age   (50,000–3000 BCE)

Bronze Age

Bronze Age India   (3000–1300 BCE)

Iron Age

Iron Age   (1200–230 BCE)

Middle kingdoms

Middle kingdoms of India   (230 BCE–1279CE)

Late medieval period

Late medieval period   (1206–1596)

Early modern period

Early modern period   (1526–1858)

European colonial period

Colonial period   (1510–1961 CE)

Kingdoms of Sri Lanka

Kingdoms of Sri Lanka

History of South Asia, by region

History of South Asia, by subject

See also

References

Notes
  1. See also Tanvir Anjum, Temporal Divides: A Critical Review of the Major Schemes of Periodization in Indian History.

Citations
  1. Thapar 1978, p. 19–20.
  2. Thapar 1978, p. 19.
  3. Thapar 1978, p. 20.

Sources
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