Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; Persian: سازمان چريک‌های فدايی خلق ايران‎, romanized: Sāzmān-e čerikhā-ye Fadāʾi-e ḵalq-e Irān), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq (Persian: فداییان خلق‎, romanized: Fadāʾiān-e ḵalq, lit. 'Popular Selfsacrificers')[9] was a Marxist-Leninist underground guerrilla organization in Iran.[1]

Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas

سازمان چريک‌های فدايی خلق ايران
AbbreviationOIPFG[1]
SpokespersonMehdi Fatapour[2]
Secretary of the Central CommitteeFarrokh Negahdar[3]
Foundedlate 1963 initial activity[4]
April 1971 as the unified organization[1]
DissolvedJune 1980[5]
Merger ofJazani-Ẓarifi Group and Aḥmadzāda-Puyān-Meftāḥi Group[1]
Succeeded byOrganization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority)
Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
NewspaperKar[5]
IdeologyMarxism-Leninism
Political positionFar-left[6]
Colors     Red
AnthemAftabkaran-e-Jangal (lit. 'Sunplanters of Jungle')[7]
Party flag

Participant in Black September, Iranian Revolution, Iran hostage crisis, Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
Active1971–1976[8]
1977[9]–1980
Group(s)Urban team, rural team[4]
LeadersHamid Ashraf  (KIA)
Ashraf Dehghani  (POW)
Size3,000 (estimate)[6]
Allies
Battles and war(s)Siahkal incident

Ideology

Ideologically, the group pursued an Anti-imperialist agenda and embraced armed propaganda to justify its revolutionary armed struggle against Iran's monarchy system,[11] and believed in Materialism.[8] They rejected reformism, and were inspired by thoughts of Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, and Régis Debray.[5]

They criticized the National Front and the Liberation Movement as "Petite bourgeoisie paper organizations still preaching the false hope of peaceful change".[4] Fedai Guerrillas initially criticized the Soviet Union and the Tudeh Party as well, however they later abandoned the stance as a result of cooperation with the socialist camp.[5]

Bijan Jazani, known as the "intellectual father" of the organization, contributed to its ideology by writing a series of pamphlets such as "Struggle against the Shah's Dictatorship", "What a Revolutionary Must Know" and "How the Armed Struggle Will Be Transformed into a Mass Struggle?". The pamphlets were followed by Masoud Ahmadzadeh's treatise "Armed Struggle: Both a Strategy and a Tactic" and "The Necessity of Armed Struggle and the Rejection of the Theory of Survival" by Amir Parviz Pouyan.[4]

Electoral history
Year Election Seats won
1979 Constitutional Assembly
0 / 73 (0%)
1980 Parliament
0 / 290 (0%)

Leadership

The group was governed by collective leadership. Before the Iranian Revolution, its six-members leadership did not use the term 'central committee'.[12]

See also
  • Guerrilla groups of Iran

References
  1. Vahabzadeh, Peyman (28 March 2016) [7 December 2015]. "FADĀʾIĀN-E ḴALQ". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  2. Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780815651475.
  3. Muhammad Kamal (1986). "Iranian Left In Political Dilemma". Pakistan Horizon. Karachi: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 39 (3): 39–51. JSTOR 41393782.
  4. Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 483–9. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
  5. Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (27 October 2011) [15 December 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  6. Donald Newton Wilber (2014). Iran, Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Princeton University Press. p. 344. ISBN 1400857473.
  7. Annabelle Sreberny, Massoumeh Torfeh (2013), Cultural Revolution in Iran: Contemporary Popular Culture in the Islamic Republic, I.B. Tauris, p. 156, ISBN 9781780760896CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. Mahmood T. Davari (2004). The Political Thought of Ayatollah Murtaza Mutahhari: An Iranian Theoretician of the Islamic State. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-29488-6.
  9. Hiro, Dilip (2013). "Fedai Khalq". A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East. Interlink Publishing. pp. 483–9. ISBN 9781623710330.
  10. Arie Perliger, William L. Eubank (2006), "Terrorism in Iran and Afghanistan: The Seeds of the Global Jihad", Middle Eastern Terrorism, Infobase Publishing, pp. 41–42, ISBN 9781438107196CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  11. Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 100.
  12. Maziar, Behrooz (2000). Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 209. ISBN 1860646301.

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