Orange-spotted bulbul

The orange-spotted bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is endemic to Java, Bali and Sumatra.

Orange-spotted bulbul

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Pycnonotidae
Genus: Pycnonotus
Species:
P. bimaculatus
Binomial name
Pycnonotus bimaculatus
(Horsfield, 1821)
Synonyms
  • Turdus bimaculatus

It favors forest edges and open meadows in montane forests.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The orange-spotted bulbul was originally described in the genus Turdus by Thomas Horsfield in 1821. Until 2016, the Aceh bulbul (Pycnonotus snouckaerti) was considered as a subspecies of the orange-spotted bulbul until split by the IOC.[3] Most other authorities have not yet recognized this split.[4]

Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized:[5]

  • P. b. bimaculatus – (Horsfield, 1821): Found on south-western Sumatra, western and central Java
  • P. b. tenggerensis – (van Oort, 1911): Found on eastern Java and Bali

Description

Up to 20 cm long. It is a dark colored and active bulbul with a rounded tail.

Calls

It is a noisy bird, giving out a variety of harsh and loud calls and songs.

Behaviour and ecology

Diet

It is a frugivore.

Reproduction

It breeds throughout the year. Nesting occurs year round, peaking in May. Nest are robust and cup shaped.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Pycnonotus bimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103828414A94344693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103828414A94344693.en.
  2. MacKinnon, John; Karen Phillips (1993). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 273.
  3. "Species Updates « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
  4. "Pycnonotus snouckaerti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
  5. "Bulbuls « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-03-28.


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