openpilot
openpilot is an open source semi-automated driving system developed by comma.ai. openpilot operates as a replacement for OEM Advanced driver-assistance systems with the objective of improving visual perception and electromechanical actuator control. It allows users to modify their existing car with increased computing power, enhanced sensors, and continuously-updated driver assistance features that improve with user-submitted data.
 open source driving agent | |
| Developer(s) | comma.ai |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 30 November 2016 |
| Stable release | 0.7.4 (21 March 2020)
|
| Repository | github.com/commaai/openpilot |
| Written in | Python and C |
| Type | Computer vision |
| License | MIT License |
| Website | comma.ai |
There have been over 15,000,000 miles[1] driven by users of openpilot.[2]
History
comma.ai was founded in September 2015 by George Hotz[3]. The first version of openpilot was revealed a couple months later in a Bloomberg article showing functionality on a 2016 Acura ILX.[4] The video and article instigated a cease and desist letter from the California Department of Motor Vehicles, claiming comma.ai was testing a self driving car without a license.
openpilot was packaged into a small, shippable device called the "comma one". It was announced at TechCrunch Disrupt.[5] comma.ai received a letter from the NHTSA in October 2016 that informed Hotz that this product was legally required to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. They requested information that would confirm such compliance.[6] comma.ai responded in a tweet from Shenzhen, China announcing the cancellation of the comma one.[7]
One month later, comma.ai open sourced their self-driving car software called openpilot on November 30, 2016, emphasizing its intended use for research without any warranty.[8][9]
On January 7, 2020, comma.ai debuted the $999 "comma two" device at the annual CES tech show in Las Vegas.[10][11][12]
Features
Automated Lane Centering
openpilot uses machine learning trained with user driver data to determine the safest path on the road. This improves perception on roads without lane markings vs lane centering by tracking current lane lines.
Adaptive Cruise Control
openpilot will maintain a safe follow distance from the vehicle. It is capable of driving in stop-and-go traffic with no user intervention. It uses OpenStreetMap's road curvature and speed limit data to allow slowing on sharp turns and setting desired speed to speed limit.
Driver Monitoring
openpilot recognizes the driver's face and if the driver is distracted they are warned. If the driver is distracted for more than 6 seconds, openpilot decelerates to a stop, and alerts the user with an audible alert.
Software Updates
openpilot receives over-the-air software updates with wifi or cellular access.
Supported Cars
At launch, openpilot supported the Honda Civic and the Acura ILX. Support for several more vehicles and makes has been added through open source contribution.[13]
| Make | Model[13] | Year (earliest) | Year (latest) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acura | ILX | 2016 | 2018 |
| RDX | 2016 | 2018 | |
| Buick | Regal | 2018 | 2018 |
| Chevrolet | Malibu | 2017 | 2017 |
| Volt | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Cadillac | ATS | 2018 | 2018 |
| Chrysler | Pacifica | 2017 | 2018 |
| Pacifica Hybrid | 2017 | 2020 | |
| GMC | Acadia Denali | 2018 | 2018 |
| Holden | Astra | 2017 | 2017 |
| Honda | Accord | 2018 | 2019 |
| Civic | 2016 | 2019 | |
| Civic Hatchback | 2017 | 2019 | |
| CR-V | 2015 | 2019 | |
| CR-V Hybrid | 2017 | 2019 | |
| Fit | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Odyssey | 2018 | 2020 | |
| Passport | 2019 | 2019 | |
| Pilot | 2016 | 2019 | |
| Ridgeline | 2017 | 2019 | |
| Hyundai | Elantra | 2017 | 2019 |
| Genesis | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Santa Fe | 2019 | 2019 | |
| Jeep | Grand Cherokee | 2016 | 2019 |
| Kia | Optima | 2019 | 2019 |
| Sorento | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Stinger | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Lexus | CT Hybrid | 2017 | 2018 |
| ES Hybrid | 2019 | 2019 | |
| IS | 2017 | 2019 | |
| NX 300h[13] | 2018 | 2018 | |
| RX | 2016 | 2017 | |
| RX | 2020 | 2020 | |
| RX Hybrid | 2016 | 2019 | |
| Subaru | Crosstrek | 2018 | 2019 |
| Impreza | 2019 | 2020 | |
| Toyota | Avalon | 2016 | 2018 |
| Camry | 2018 | 2019 | |
| C-HR | 2017 | 2019 | |
| C-HR Hybrid | 2018 | 2019 | |
| Corolla | 2017 | 2020 | |
| Corolla Hybrid | 2020 | 2020 | |
| Corolla Hatchback | 2019 | 2019 | |
| Highlander | 2017 | 2020 | |
| Highlander Hybrid | 2017 | 2019 | |
| Prius | 2016 | 2019 | |
| Prius Prime | 2017 | 2020 | |
| Rav4 | 2016 | 2019 | |
| Rav4 Hybrid | 2016 | 2020 | |
| Sienna | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Volkswagen | Golf | 2016 | 2019 |
Community
Development is supported by a large open source community centered around Discord[14] and GitHub.
comma has released tools and guides to help developers port their cars.[15] In addition, they released tools to let users review their drives.[16]
Forks
comma.ai maintains the openpilot codebase and releases, and there is a growing community that maintains various forks of openpilot. These forks consist of experimental features such as Lane Change Assist.
Pre-Autopilot Tesla models have been retrofitted with openpilot through a community fork.[17] Chrysler and Jeep have also gained support through community contributions.[18][19]
There are over 3,400 forks of the openpilot GitHub repository.[9]
References
- "And... here we go. We collected 10MM miles in 288k driving hours!pic.twitter.com/bzMyulN9MJ". May 2, 2019.
- "comma.ai – Introducing openpilot". comma.ai – Introducing openpilot.
- "Comma.ai founder George Hotz wants to free humanity from the AI simulation". 2019-03-09. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
- "Bloomberg - Are you a robot?". www.bloomberg.com.
- "George "Geohot" Hotz Presents the Comma One at Disrupt SF". YouTube. 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
- "NHTSA Special Order".
- "The comma one is cancelled. comma.ai will be exploring other products and markets. Hello from Shenzhen, China. -GH 3/3". October 28, 2016.
- "George Hotz is giving away the code behind his self-driving car project". Retrieved May 13, 2017.
- "commaai/openpilot". March 2, 2020 – via GitHub.
- Hall, Emme (2020-01-09). "We hit the road with Comma.ai's assisted-driving tech at CES 2020". Roadshow. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
- Baldwin, Roberto (2020-01-13). "Comma Ai continues to impress with its aftermarket driver assistance tech". Engadget. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
- "Available for purchase now at https://comma.ai/shop/products/comma-two-devkit …pic.twitter.com/0e98l29x8d". January 7, 2020. External link in
|title=(help) - "commaai/openpilot". GitHub.
- "comma ai on Twitter: "Moving from Slack to Discord"". Twitter.com. Comma.ai, Inc. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ai, comma (August 4, 2018). "How to write a car port for openpilot". Medium.
- ai, comma (July 13, 2018). "The Half Way Point". Medium.
- "Tesla - comma wiki". community.comma.ai.
- "Giraffe for FCA group released! openpilot now officially supports only the Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid, but it will soon spread to all Chrysler, Jeep and Fiat with ACC and LaneSense!https://comma.ai/shop/products/giraffe#&gid=1&pid=9 …". February 1, 2019.
- "adhintz/openpilot". GitHub.