OntoLex
OntoLex is the short name of a vocabulary for lexical resources in the web of data (OntoLex-Lemon) and the short name of the W3C community group that created it (W3C Ontology-Lexica Community Group).[1]
Applications
OntoLex-Lemon is widely used for lexical resources in the context of Linguistic Linked Open Data. Selected applications include
- OASIS Lexicographic Infrastructure Data Model and API (LEXIDMA), a framework for internationally interoperable lexicographic work[14]
- European public multilingual knowledge infrastructure [15][16]
- Lex0, a collaborative web editor used for the creation and management of (multilingual) lexical and terminological resources as linked data resources[17]
- VocBench, a web-based, multilingual, collaborative development platform for managing ontologies, thesauri, lexicons and RDF data[18][19][20]
- The Lexicala API by K Dictionaries that provides access to cross-lingual lexical data of 50 languages and 150 language pairs.[21]
- DiTMAO, a lexicographic editor developed for creating the Dictionary of Old Occitan medico-botanical terminology[22]
- a series of Shared Tasks on Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD-2017[23][24], TIAD-2019[25][26], TIAD-2020[27])
- DBnary, RDF edition of 16 language editions of Wiktionary[28][29]
- PanLex, a large-scale lexical network of about 2,500 dictionaries and more than 500 languages[30]
- Princeton WordNet 3.1, a large-scale, hierarchically and relationally structured lexical resource for English[31]
- Global WordNet Association, a community effort to produce, maintain and interlink multilingual WordNets[32]
- BabelNet, a large-scale multilingual lexical network[33][34]
- LiLa, a knowledge base of linguistic resources for Latin based on a large lexicon consisting of a collection of citation forms[35][36][37]
OntoLex development is regularly addressed in scientific events dedicated to ontologies, linked data or lexicography. Since 2017, a designated workshop series on the OntoLex module is conducted biannually.[38]
Related vocabularies
Related vocabularies that focus on standardizing and publishing lexical resources include DICT (text-based format), the XML Dictionary eXchange Format, TEI-Dict (XML) and the Lexical Markup Framework (abstract model usually serialized in XML; the Lemon vocabulary originally evolved from an RDF serialization of LMF). OntoLex-Lemon differs from these earlier models in being a native Linked Open Data vocabulary that does not (just) formalize structure and semantics of machine-readable dictionaries, but is designed to facilitate information integration between them.
References
- "OntoLex community portal". W3C. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
- Cimiano, Phillip; McCrae, John P.; Buitelaar, Paul. "Lexicon Model for Ontologies: Community Report, 10 May 2016 Final Community Group Report 10 May 2016". W3C. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
- Julia Bosque-Gil, Jorge Gracia and Elena Montiel-Ponsoda (July 2017). "Towards a module for lexicography in OntoLex" (PDF). Kernerman Dictionary News (25). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- McCrae, John; Spohr, Dennis; Cimiano, Philipp (2011). "Linking lexical resources and ontologies on the Semantic Web with Lemon". Proceedings of the Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC-2011), Iraklion, Greece: 245–259.
- Bosque-Gil, Julia; Gracia, Jorge. "The OntoLex Lemon Lexicography Module". W3C. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
- Fiorelli, Manuel; Stellato, Armando; McCrae, John P.; Cimiano, Philipp; Pazienza, Maria Teresa (2015). Gandon, Fabien; Sabou, Marta; Sack, Harald; d’Amato, Claudia; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe; Zimmermann, Antoine (eds.). "LIME: The Metadata Module for OntoLex". The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. 9088: 321–336. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18818-8_20. ISBN 978-3-319-18818-8.
- "Linguistic Linked Open Data. Information about the current status of the growing cloud of linguistic linked open data". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Bosque-Gil, Julia; Gracia, Jorge. "The OntoLex Lemon Lexicography Module Final Community Group Report 17 September 2019". W3C. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "Morphology". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Klimek, Bettina; McCrae, John P.; Bosque-Gil, Julia; Ionov, Maxim; Tauber, James K.; Chiarcos, Christian. Challenges for the Representation of Morphology in Ontology Lexicons, in: Kosem, I., Zingano Kuhn, T., Correia, M., Ferreria, J. P., Jansen, M., Pereira, I., Kallas, J., Jakubíček, M., Krek, S. & Tiberius, C. (eds.) 2019. Electronic lexicography in the 21st century. Proceedings of the eLex 2019 conference. 1-3 October 2019, Sintra, Portugal (PDF). Brno: Lexical Computing CZ, s.r.o. pp. 570–591.
- "Frequency, Attestation and Corpus Information". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Chiarcos, Christian; Ionov, Maxim. "OntoLex-Lemon Module for Frequency, Attestation and Corpus Information (draft specification)". Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- "LexInfo - Data Category Ontology for OntoLex-Lemon". Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- censign. "Call for Participation: OASIS Lexicographic Infrastructure Data Model and API (LEXIDMA) TC". OASIS. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Schmitz, P.; Francesconi, E.; Hajlaoui, N.; Batouche, B.; Stellato, A. (2018). Semantic Interoperability of Multilingual Language Resources by Automatic Mapping, In: International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. Cham: Springer. pp. 153–163.
- Batouche, Brahim; Schmitz, Peter; Francesconi, Enrico; Hajlaoui, Najeh (12/02/2018). PMKI–Public Multilingual Knowledge. Documentation of the PMKI data modelInfrastructure (PDF). European Technical Specification. Retrieved 10 December 2019. Check date values in:
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(help) - Lenardič, Jakob. "CLARIN-IT presents LexO: Where Lexicography Meets the Semantic Web". CLARIN. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- The AIMS Team. "Version 4.0.2 of VocBench was released in August 2018". FAO of the United Nations in Italy. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Stellato, Armando; Rajbhandari, Sachit; Turbati, Andrea; Fiorelli, Manuel; Caracciolo, Caterina; Lorenzetti, Tiziano; Keizer, Johannes; Pazienza, Maria Teresa (2015). Gandon, Fabien; Sabou, Marta; Sack, Harald; d’Amato, Claudia; Cudré-Mauroux, Philippe; Zimmermann, Antoine (eds.). "VocBench: A Web Application for Collaborative Development of Multilingual Thesauri". The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. 9088: 38–53. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18818-8_3. ISBN 978-3-319-18818-8.
- "VocBench 3: a Collaborative Semantic Web Editor for Ontologies, Thesauri and Lexicons | www.semantic-web-journal.net". semantic-web-journal.net. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
- Ilan Kernerman and Dorielle Lonke (July 2019). "Lexicala API: A new era in dictionary data" (PDF). Kernerman Dictionary News (27). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "Dictionary of Old Occitan medico-botanical terminology". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "TIAD-2017 Shared Task – Translation Inference Across Dictionaries. Call for Participation". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- McCrae, John P.; Bond, Francis; Buitelaar, Paul; Cimiano, Philipp; Declerck, Thierry; Gracia, Jorge; Kernerman, Ilan; Montiel Ponsoda, Elena; Ordan, Noam; Piasacki, Maciej (June 18, 2017). Proceedings of the LDK 2017 Workshops: 1st Workshop on the OntoLex Model (OntoLex-2017), Shared Task on Translation Inference Across Dictionaries & Challenges for Wordnets. CEUR. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "TIAD 2019. 2nd Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD) Shared Task". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Gracia, Jorge; Kabashi, Besim; Kernerman, Ilan (May 20, 2019). Proceedings of TIAD-2019 Shared Task – Translation Inference Across Dictionaries. Leipzig, Germany: CEUR.
- "TIAD 2020 -- 2rd Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD) shared task".
- "Dbnary Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Sérasset, Gilles (2016). "DBnary: Wiktionary as a Lemon-Based Multilingual Lexical Resource in RDF". Semantic Web. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Kamholz, David; Pool, Jonathan; Colowick, Susan M. (2014). PanLex: Building a Resource for Panlingual Lexical Translation, In Proceedings of the 9th Language Resource and Evaluation Conference (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, May 2014. European Language Resource Association. pp. 3145–3150. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "Princeton WordNet 3.1. WordNet RDF". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "Global Wordnet Formats: RDF". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "BabelNet SPARQL endpoint". Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- Ehrmann, M.; Ceccioni, F.; Vanella, D.; McCrae, J.P.; Cimiano, P.; Navigli, R. Representing Multilingual Data as Linked Data: the Case of BabelNet 2.0. In: Proceedings of the 9th Language Resource and Evaluation Conference (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, May 2014. European Language Resource Association. pp. 401–408. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- "LiLa SPARQL endpoint". Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- "LiLa query interface". Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- Passarotti, M.C.; Cecchini, F.M.; Franzini, G.; Litta, E.; Mambrini, F.; Ruffolo, P. LiLa: Linking Latin. A Knowledge Base of Linguistic Resources and NLP Tools. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019), Leipzig, Germany, 20-23 May 2019. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- Cimiano, Philipp (July 2017). "OntoLex 2017 – 1st workshop on the OntoLex model" (PDF). Kernerman Dictionary News (25). Retrieved 5 April 2020.