Mukhya Upanishads
Mukhya Upanishads, also known as Principal Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed between 800 BCE to the start of common era, these texts are connected to the Vedic tradition.[1] The most early colonial era Indology listed 10 Upanishads as Mukhya Upanishads.[2][3]
- Īśā (IsUp), Shukla (White) Yajurveda
- Kena (KeUp), Samaveda
- Kaṭha (KaUp), Krishna (Black) Yajurveda
- Praṣna (PrUp), Atharvaveda
- Muṇḍaka (MuUp), Atharvaveda
- Māṇḍūkya (MaUp), Atharvaveda
- Taittirīya (TaiUp), Krishna (Black) Yajurveda
- Aitareya, (AiUp), Rigveda
- Chāndogya (ChhUp), Samaveda
- Bṛhadāraṇyaka (BṛUp), Shukla (White) Yajurveda
- Shvetashvatara Upanishad
- Kaushitaki Upanishad
- Maitri Upanishad
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The founders of the 3 major schools of Vedanta, viz, Adi Shankaracharya, Ramanujacharya and Madhvacharya wrote bhāṣyas (commentaries) on the first ten of these Principal Upanishads. The adjective mukhya means "principal", "chief", or "primary". The Mukhya Upanishads are accepted as śruti by all Hindus, or the most important scriptures of Hinduism.[4]
Translations and works
Here is the list of works on Upanishads:
- The Principal Upanishads (1953) by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan gives the text and English translation of a total of eighteen Upanishads, including the 13 listed by Hume (1921), plus Subāla, Jābāla, Paiṅgala, Kaivalya, Vajrasūcikā (Muktika nos. 30, 13, 59, 12 and 36).
- Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684
- Hume, Robert Ernest (1921). The Thirteen Principal Upanishads. Oxford University Press.
- Johnston, Charles (2014) [1920-1931]. The Mukhya Upanishads. Kshetra Books. ISBN 9781495946530.
- Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli (1994) [1953]. The Principal Upanishads. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 81-7223-124-5.
See also
References
- William K. Mahony (1998). The Artful Universe: An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination. State University of New York Press. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-7914-3579-3.
- Hume, Robert Ernest (1921), The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press
- Edward Fitzpatrick Crangle (1994). The Origin and Development of Early Indian Contemplative Practices. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 8, 12. ISBN 978-3-447-03479-1.
- Kim Knott (2016). Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-19-874554-9.
External links
Holybooks.com has a pdf of 10 principle Upanishads here: https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Ten-Principal-Upanishads.pdf