Mudra (music)

A mudra (IAST: Mudrā; Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music, particularly Carnatic music, that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga, tala, or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.[1] Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.[2][3]

Etymology

A mudra is a pen name, nom de plume, or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

List of Mudras used by Musicians
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Hindustani Musicians
MudraMusicianTranslationDetails
Adārang ()Firoz Khān of Delhi18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[4]
ĀlamĀlamara Begum Khāsmahal
Ahmed-piyāAlladiya KhanFounder of Jaipur-Atrauli gharana.
Akhtar-piyāWajid Ali Shah
Amar, Amar-piyāAman Ali Khan
Amardās, Amar-piyāNavrang Nagpurkar
Anang-rangAcharya Brihaspati
Bhāv-rangBalwantrai Bhatt
BindāBindadin Maharaj
Chakra-piyāChakradhar Singh
Chānd-piyāChand KhanDelhi Gharana.[5]
Chatur, Chatur PanditVishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
Chit-ĀnandChidanand Nagarkar"Elated consciousness."Agra Gharana.[6]
Daras-piyāMehboob Khān of AgraAgra Gharana.[7]
DarpanYunus Hussain Khan"Mirror."
Dhyān-rang-piyāMani Prasad
Dil-rangAzmat Hussain Khan"Colors of the World."
Din-rangDinkar Kaikini"Colors of the Day."
Gauhar, GauharpyariGauharjan
Guna-piyāChhota Gandharva
Guni-dāsJagganathbuwa Purohit
Guni-janCR Vyas
Hara-rangMuhammad Ali Khan
Hara-rangVishnu Narayan BhatkhandeMusicologist.
Hinga-rangHussain Ali Khan[8]
InāyatInayat Hussain Khan
JasPandit Jasraj
Jyoti-rangRajaram Shukla
Kharaharapriya-dās[9]Bholanath Bhatt
Khush-rangAslam Hussein Khan
Krishna-dāsMaster Krishnarao
Lalan-piyāNandalal Sharma
Lāl-rangChaman Lal Varma
Madhur-piyāGokulotsav Maharaj
ManharMurli Manohar Shukla
Manhar-piyāPrem Prakash Johri
Mana-rangBhupat Khan
Mana-rangMahawat Khan of Jaipur
ManapiyaPamalka Karunanayake of Sri Lanka
Nād-piyāV R Athavale"Lover of naad."Agra Gharana.
Nād-rangSandeep Ranade"Colors of naad."
Nāth-piyāVilayat KhanSitarist. Enayet Khan's Rajput name was "Nath Singh."
Prān-piyāVilayat Hussain KhanAgra Gharana.[10]
Pranav-rangOmkarnath Thakur
Prem-piyāFaiyaz Khan
Prem-rangSharafat Hussain Khan
Prem-dāsLatafat Hussain Khan
Prem-rangRatnakar Ramnathkar
Qadar-piyāMirza Bala Qadar of RampurThumri composer.[11]
Rām-dāsZahoor KhanKhurja Gharana.[12]
Rām-rangRamashrey Jha
RangileRamzan KhanAgra[13]
Rasa-dāsArun Kashalkar
Rasik-rangAshok RanadeMusicologist[14]
Rasik-rangDeepak Chatterjee
Rasa-piyāBabanrao Haldankar
Razā-piyaRaza Ali KhanNawab.[15]
Saba-rangBade Ghulam Ali KhanPatiala Gharana.
Sab-rasGhulam Maulvi KhanPatiala Gharana.
Sadā-rang ()Niyamat Khān of DelhiDescendant of Tansen. 18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[16]
Sagun-piyāYashpal
Sajan-piyāKhadim Hussain Khan
Sanada-piyāTawakkul Husain Khan of RampurThumri composer.[17]
Sarasa-piyāKale KhanFather of Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana.
Sarasa-rangDayam Khan Nauhar
Shām-rangQayam Khan
Shok-rang, ShokKumar Gandharva
Shori, Shori MiyānMiyan Ghulam Nabi Shori
Shubh-rangShubhada Paradkar
Shyām-rangJitendra Abhisheki
Subh-rangShankarlal Mishra
Sughar-piyāBhaiya Ganpatrao
Sujan-piyāS N Ratanjankar
Sur-rangAmir Khan
Tan-rangVishwanath Rao Ringe
Vinod-piyāTasadduq Hussain KhanSon of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.[18]
VyakulVyakul of AyodhyaGuru of Ramashreya Jha[18]
Yash-rangYeshwantbua Joshi

Carnatic Musicians
Name Mudra Notes
Tallapaka Annamayya Venkata
Purandara Dasa Purandara Vitthala
Kanaka Dasa Kaginele Adi Keshava
Tyagaraja Tyagaraja
Shyama Shastri Shyama Krishna[19]
Muthuswami Dikshitar Guruguha[2] Guha is one of the many names of Murugan, the deity at Tirutani, the site of his first composition.[20]
Swati Tirunal
  • Padmanabha
  • Pankajanabha
Bhadrachala Ramadas Ramadasu
Papanasam Sivan Ramadasan
Gopalakrishna Bharathi Gopalakrishnan
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar Harikesha
Narayana Teertha Narayana Teertha
Patnam Subramania Iyer Venkateshwara
Mysore Vasudevacharya Vasudevā
Mysore V. Ramarathnam Rāma
M. D. Ramanathan Varada dasa
M. Balamuralikrishna
  • Hari
  • Murali
Maharajapuram Santhanam Maharajan
Koteeswara Iyer Kavi Kunjara dasa
Kshetrayya Muvva Gopala
Sadashiva Brahmendra swami Paramahamsa
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar Sri Vidya[21]

References
  1. Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
  2. Mudrā, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  3. "Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M". karnatik.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  4. "Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
  5. "Raga Shree: Close Encounters".
  6. "Short Takes: Malkauns".
  7. Bhattacharya, Ramprapanna (31 August 2018). "My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music".
  8. "The Bandish divide - Times of India". The Times of India.
  9. "HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org".
  10. "The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)".
  11. Music, Classical (15 July 2012). "Classical Music: Thumri".
  12. "Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo".
  13. "Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra". www.swarganga.org.
  14. "Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior". www.swarganga.org.
  15. Akademi, Sangeet Natak (2006). Sangeet Natak (Volume 40 ed.). Sangeet Natak Akademi. p. 21.
  16. "Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
  17. Kumar, Kuldeep (31 October 2013). "A maestro and a master". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
  18. "Bhimpalasi Inc".
  19. Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  20. Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780810864450.
  21. "Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN". www.carnatica.net.


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