Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev

Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev (Russian: Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев, romanized: Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev; January 12, 1911 – March 4, 1992) was an indologist,[6] ethnographer,[5] and ethnologist from Leningrad, USSR.[7] The Saint Petersburg State University views him as one of the "fathers of Indian Ethnography in Russia".[3]

Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev
BornJanuary 12, 1911[1]
Orenburg,[2] Russian Empire
DiedMarch 4, 1992(1992-03-04) (aged 81)[1]
Citizenship Soviet Union,  Russia
OccupationEthnographer
Ethnologist
Known forEthnography of India[3]
AwardsOrder of the Red Star
Academic background
EducationDoktor Nauk in Historical Sciences
Alma materLeningrad State University (Graduation)
Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (Post–graduation and Doctor Nauk)
ThesisПроисхождение Мусульманского Населения Северной Индии (1952)
Academic advisorsDmitry Alexeyevich Ol'derogge (Post–graduate studies)[4]
Academic work
DisciplineEthnography
Ethnology
Indology
InstitutionsFormer "Senior Scientific Worker", Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union[5]

Education

From 1929 to 1932, Kudryavtsev studied at the Leningrad Topographical Technical School, and worked as a topographer in Yakutia after the completion of the academic program.[2]

In June 1939, he completed his graduation in history at the Leningrad State University, with a recommendation for post–graduation at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He started his studies at the institute, but later in 1941, his studies were halted because of his dis–enrollment from the institute due to his appointment in the Soviet Military. However, in 1946, he was re–enrolled for the postgraduate studies at the institute with a specialty in the ethnography of India after an order from the presidium of the academy.[2] He completed the Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences[1] at the academy in 1952, with the thesis titled "Происхождение Мусульманского Населения Северной Индии" (English: The Origin of the Muslim Population of Northern India).[8]

He had also studied the English, French, Hindi, Marathi, and Urdu languages.[9]

Academic career and research

Kudryavtsev was a "senior scientific worker" at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, and he is known for his specialization on the ethnography of India[5][10] and the ethnology of northern India.[7] He had also headed the indological research at the institute, and contributed in the development of monographic ethnic research in Russia.[4] He had also worked as a researcher at the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography.[11]

He visited India four times between 1957 and 1974.[5] In 1966, the Anthropological Survey of India had invited him and Nikolai Cheboxarov for a study on the anthropological data gathered in 1964 on Asurs, Korkus, Gondas, Pradhans, Khasis and the Hindustanis of the Lucknow region. They did a study on these people.[10]

He also studied the social history of India, including the structure of society in ancient and medieval India,[6] and inquired into the jajmani system as a mechanism of interaction between the communities and castes in India.[4]

World War II

During the second world war, Kudryavtsev had served in the Soviet Military. From 1 July 1941, he worked as a topographer, and from February 1942, as a senior topographer on the Leningrad Front.[9] From February to December 1942, he served as the platoon commander and deputy battery commander in the Red Army. He also headed the divisions of the Red Army at the Volkhov Front. After December 1942, he resumed his services as a topographer.[2] Between December 1942 and September 1945, he was the head of the topographic services, first on the Volkhov front, and later on the second and the first Ukrainian fronts.[9] From September to December 1945, he taught topography to the infantry officers in Lviv (Ukraine). The Soviet military units had benefited in some of their onerous combat tasks from his knowledge as a topographer.[2]

He had also been the chief of the "military topographic administration" and served as a Lieutenant–general in the "technical forces" of the USSR.[12]

He was awarded the Order of the Red Star "for the defense of Leningrad".[9]

During his service years in the Soviet Military, he visited Romania, Poland, Germany, and Czechoslovakia.[9]

Death

Kudryavtsev died on 04 March 1992, and was buried at the Shuvalov cemetery in Saint Petersburg.[9] At the time of his death, he was the oldest employee of the Institute of Ethnography.[2]

Works

Some of the books and research papers authored by Kudryavtsev are as follows:

Books
  • Kudryavtsev, M K (1992). Кастовая система в Индии [The Caste System in India] (in Russian). Nauka. ISBN 978-5020171961.
  • Kudryavtsev, M K (1971). Община и каста в Хиндустане [Community and Caste in Hindustan] (in Russian). Nauka.

Select papers
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "Ethnos and Caste in the Indian Society". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[13]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "The Indian Caste Community as a Social System". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[14]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "The language problem for the Adivasis of India". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[15]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "The main characteristics of the village communities of Northern India". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[15]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "On the Languages as the Media of Education in the Schools for the Scheduled Tribes in India". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[15]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K. "The Buddhist university in Nalanda". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[15]
  • Kudryavtsev, M K (1964). "On the role of Jats in Northern India's ethnic history". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[16]

See also

References
  1. "Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев" (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  2. Александр Михайлович Решетов [Alexandr Mikhailovich Reshetov] (1992). "Михаил Константинович Кудрявцев (1911 — 1992)" [Mikhail Konstantinovich Kudryavtsev (1911 — 1992)] (PDF). Этнографическое Обозрение [Ethnographic Review] (in Russian). Russian Academy of Sciences: 152–155. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  3. "Centers for Indian Studies in Russia". Saint Petersburg State University. Retrieved April 8, 2020. Outstanding researchers like D.A. Suleykin, V.E. Krasnodembskiy and M.K. Kudryavtsev can be called 'fathers' of Indian Ethnography in Russia.
  4. Faculty of Asian and African Studies, Saint Petersburg State University (April 20–22, 2011). Diakov, Nikolai N.; Matveyev, A. S. (eds.). Modernization and Traditions (PDF). XXVI International Conference on Source Studies and Historiography of Asia and Africa. Saint Petersburg State University. Saint Petersburg: Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy. pp. 140–141. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  5. Misra, Bhabagrahi; Preston, James (June 3, 2011). "Biographical Notes". Community, Self and Identity. Walter de Gruyter. p. 300. ISBN 978-3110802658. M. K. KUDRYAVTSEV (1911– ) was born in Russia. He received his doctorate from the Institute of Ethnography, Academy of Sciences, USSR. A specialist in the ethnography of India, he visited that country in 1957, 1964, 1966, 1974 and 1977. He is a Senior Scientific Worker at the Institute of Ethnography in Leningrad.
  6. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1991). Vostok [East] (in Russian). Nauka. p. 205.
  7. Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar; Department of Anthropology (Ranchi University) (1963). Journal of Social Research. 6–8. Bihar, India: Council of Social and Cultural Research. p. 126. A Soviet ethnologist from Lelingrad [sic], Mr. Kudryavtsev is a senior research worker at the Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences in the U. S. S. R. He has specialized in North India Ethnology and has written a series of paper in the Russian. He has visited India several times and has a plan to do intensive field work in India.
  8. "Африка и Азия" [Africa and Asia] (PDF). Страны и Народы Востока [Countries and Peoples of the East] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. 1973. Retrieved June 9, 2020 – via Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
  9. Александр Михайлович Решетов [Alexandr Mikhailovich Reshetov] (1995). "К 50-летию Победы: События, Воспоминания, мнения" [To the 50th anniversary of Victory: Events, Memories, Opinions] (PDF). Этнографическое Обозрение [Ethnographic Review] (in Russian). Russian Academy of Sciences: 9–11. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  10. G. Abramov, ed. (1976). "New Data on the Ethnic Anthropology of India". New Indian studies by Soviet scholars. Social Sciences Today (Editorial Board). pp. 17–18. p. 17: As part of this programme, a party from the USSR Academy of Sciences' Institute of Ethnography, consisting of the authors of this article and M. Kudryavtsev, a specialist in Indian ethnography, went to India in 1966. p. 18: The survey was supplemented by anthropological data assembled in 1964 about the Asurs, Korkus, Gondas, Pradhans, Khasis and the Hindustanis of the Lucknow area, who were studied by M. Kudryavtsev and N. Cheboxarov, with the help of the Indian anthropologist P. Gupta, during their trip to India at the invitation of the Anthropological Survey of India. The resultant data, together with the material collected previously by H. Risley, B. S. Guha, E. Eickstedt, P. C. Mahalanobis, D. N. Majumdar, C. R. Rao, P. C. Basu, S. S. Sarkar, P. S. Biswas and other anthropologists, cast fresh light on some of the problems associated with the origin and ethnic history of India's peoples.
  11. "Отдел Этнографии Южной и Юго-Западной Азии" [Department of Ethnography of South and Southwest Asia]. Kunstkamera (in Russian). Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  12. American Geophysical Union; Royer and Roger Inc; National Science Foundation (U.S.); American Congress on Surveying and Mapping; American Society of Photogrammetry (1961). Geodesy and Cartography. American Geophysical Union. p. 253.
  13. Kumar Suresh Singh; N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnography (1992). Anthropological Survey of India (ed.). Ethnicity, caste, and people: proceedings of the Indo-Soviet seminars held in Calcutta and Leningrad, 1990. Manohar. p. 165.
  14. Misra, Bhabagrahi; Preston, James (June 3, 2011). Community, Self and Identity. Walter de Gruyter. p. 37. ISBN 978-3110802658.
  15. Дмитрий Алексеевич Ольдерогге [Dmitry Alexeyevich Ol'derogge], ed. (1972). "Индия — Страна и Народ" [India — Country and People] (PDF). Страны и Народы Востока [Countries and Peoples of the East] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. Retrieved April 16, 2020 – via Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
  16. International Committee for Social Science Information and Documentation (December 31, 1990) [1965]. International Bibliography of the Social Sciences. 11. Taylor & Francis. p. 31. ISBN 978-0422802406.
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