Malik ibn Tawk

Malik ibn Tawk ibn Malik ibn 'Attab at-Taghlibi (died 873) was an Abbasid official during the reigns of caliphs al-Wathiq (r. 842–847) and al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861). He is best known as the founder of the fortress town of al-Rahba on the western banks of the Euphrates, part of the modern-day Syrian town of Mayadin.

Biography

Malik ibn Tawk belonged to the Arab tribe of Banu Taghlib and traced his lineage to the 6th-century Taghlibi poet warrior Amr ibn Kulthum.[1] His father, Tawk ibn Malik, served as governor of Diyar Rabi'a, the province of eastern Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazira) under the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833).[2] He also served as a general under al-Ma'mun's predecessor, Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809),[1] Some Muslim sources have often incorrectly made the son Malik ibn Tawk to have been the one in the service of Harun and al-Ma'mun instead of his father.[2] Malik ibn Tawk served under the caliphs al-Wathiq (r. 842–847) and al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) as the governor of Jund al-Urdunn (military district of Jordan) and Jund Dimashq (military district of Damascus).[2]

Sometime in the latter half of the 9th century, Malik convinced his kinsman, Sahl ibn Bishr, a great-grandson of the 7th-century Taghlibi poet al-Akhtal, to convert to Islam from Christianity along with the other direct descendants of al-Akhtal.[2] Malik founded the Euphrates Valley fortress of al-Rahba and became its lord. The fortress town was since alternatively known as "Rahbat Malik ibn Tawk".[1] He died in 873.[1] His son Ahmad succeeded him as the lord of al-Rahba, but was forced out of the town in 883 by the lord of al-Anbar, Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj.[3]

The al-Rahabi clan of the Euphrates basin, claims descent from Malik ibn Tawk.

References
  1. Kay, Henry C. (October 1886). "Notes on the History of the Banu 'Okayl". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 18 (4): 504. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00161490.
  2. Lecker, M. (2000). "Taghlib b. Wa'il". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 92–93. ISBN 90-04-11211-1.
  3. Bianquis, Thierry (1995). "Al-Rahba". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 393–394. ISBN 90-04-09834-8.
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